Precision Medicine in the Diagnosis and Management of Orthopedic Biofilm Infections

Baldan, Rossella; Sendi, Parham

doi:10.3389/fmed.2020.580671

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 87 publications

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“…Biofilm formation is a multistep process that depends upon bacterial phenotypical characteristics, gene expression, and adhesion proteins present on the surface of bacteria [11,12]. Some MRSA strains having specific genotyping characteristics can form biofilm various infection sites [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Characterization of Community- and Hospital- Acquired Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolates during COVID-19 Pandemic

et al. 2023

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Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a drug-resistant superbug that causes various types of community- and hospital-acquired infectious diseases. The current study was aimed to see the genetic characteristics and gene expression of MRSA isolates of nosocomial origin. A total of 221 MRSA isolates were identified from 2965 clinical samples. To identify the bacterial isolates, the clinical samples were inoculated on blood agar media plates first and incubated at 37 °C for 18–24 h. For further identification, the Gram staining and various biochemical tests were performed once the colonies appeared on the inoculated agar plates. The phenotypic identification of antibiotic susceptibility patterns was carried out using Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion method by following the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) 2019 guidelines. The biofilm-producing potentials of MRSA were checked quantitatively using a spectrophotometric assay. All strains were characterized genotypically by SCCmec and agr typing using the specific gene primers. Furthermore, a total of twelve adhesion genes were amplified in all MRSA isolates. MRSA was a frequently isolated pathogen (44% community acquired (CA)-MRSA and 56% hospital acquired (HA)-MRSA), respectively. Most of the MRSA isolates were weak biofilm producers (78%), followed by moderate (25%) and strong (7%) biofilm producers, respectively. Prominent adhesion genes were clfB (100%), icaAD (91%), fib (91%), sdrC (91%) followed by eno (89%), fnbA (77%), sdrE (67%), icaBC (65%), clfA (65%), fnbB (57%), sdrD (57%), and cna (48%), respectively. The results of the current study will help to understand and manage the spectrum of biofilm-producing MRSA-associated hospital-acquired infections and to provide potential molecular candidates for the identification of biofilm-producing MRSA.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Characterization of Community- and Hospital- Acquired Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolates during COVID-19 Pandemic

et al. 2023

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“…In this connection, it should also be considered that studying the molecular epidemiology of emerging pathogens, such as S. lugdunensis, favors the search for new anti-infective molecules alternative to antibiotics with which to coat or load biomaterials to make them capable of preventing and combating implant infections [36][37][38][39]. And indeed, grasping the clonal complexity promotes the transition to precision medicine, which adapts anti-infective biomaterials to the peculiar pathogenetic context [33][34][35][40][41][42].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Searching for Virulence Factors among Staphylococcus lugdunensis Isolates from Orthopedic Infections: Correlation of β-hemolysin, hemolysin III, and slush Genes with Hemolytic Activity and Synergistic Hemolytic Activity

Ravaioli,

Campoccia,

Mirzaei

et al. 2023

IJMS

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Staphylococcus lugdunensis is an emerging high-virulent pathogen. Here, the presence and expression of virulence genes (icaA, fbl, vwbl, fbpA, slush A, B and C, and genes of the putative β-hemolysin and hemolysin III) and the ability to induce synergistic hemolytic activity and hemolysis after 24, 48 and 72 h were investigated in a collection of twenty-two S. lugdunensis clinical isolates. The collection of isolates, mainly from implant orthopedic infections, had previously been grouped by ribotyping/dendrogram analysis and studied for biofilm matrices, biomasses and antibiotic resistances. Two isolates, constituting a unique small ribogroup sharing the same cluster, exhibited an amplicon size of the slush operon (S. lugdunensis synergistic hemolysin) which was shorter than the expected 977 bp. This outcome can predict the genetic lineage of the S. lugdunensis strains. One isolate (cra1342) presented two deletions: one of 90 bp in slush A and the other of 91 bp in slush B. Another isolate (N860314) showed a single 193 bp deletion, which encompassed part of the slush B terminal sequence and most of slush C. The isolate N860314 was devoid of hemolytic activity after 24 h, and the first consideration was that the deleted region deals with the coding of the active enzymatic site of the slush hemolysin. On the other hand, cra1342 and N860314 isolates with different slush deletions and with hemolytic activity after 24 and 48 h, respectively, could have replaced the hemolytic phenotype through other processes.

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Section: Current Limitations and Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The interest in designing such personalized implants relies on the need to produce safe systems, offering high antibacterial efficacy, improving patient convenience, and providing flexibility according to the patient s needs. The latter can be achieved by adjusting the implant s structural and morphological features, mechanical properties, and improving the loading efficacy of antibacterial agents [92,150,151]. In addition to the recent progress in the development of antibacterial coatings, it is worth highlighting recent advances in the surface design of modified orthopedic implants with antibacterial properties.…”

Section: Current Limitations and Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in Antibacterial Coatings to Combat Orthopedic Implant-Associated Infections

Akay,

Yaghmur

2024

Molecules

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Implant-associated infections (IAIs) represent a major health burden due to the complex structural features of biofilms and their inherent tolerance to antimicrobial agents and the immune system. Thus, the viable options to eradicate biofilms embedded on medical implants are surgical operations and long-term and repeated antibiotic courses. Recent years have witnessed a growing interest in the development of robust and reliable strategies for prevention and treatment of IAIs. In particular, it seems promising to develop materials with anti-biofouling and antibacterial properties for combating IAIs on implants. In this contribution, we exclusively focus on recent advances in the development of modified and functionalized implant surfaces for inhibiting bacterial attachment and eventually biofilm formation on orthopedic implants. Further, we highlight recent progress in the development of antibacterial coatings (including self-assembled nanocoatings) for preventing biofilm formation on orthopedic implants. Among the recently introduced approaches for development of efficient and durable antibacterial coatings, we focus on the use of safe and biocompatible materials with excellent antibacterial activities for local delivery of combinatorial antimicrobial agents for preventing and treating IAIs and overcoming antimicrobial resistance.

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Precision Medicine in the Diagnosis and Management of Orthopedic Biofilm Infections

Cited by 9 publications

References 87 publications

Molecular Characterization of Community- and Hospital- Acquired Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolates during COVID-19 Pandemic

Molecular Characterization of Community- and Hospital- Acquired Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolates during COVID-19 Pandemic

Searching for Virulence Factors among Staphylococcus lugdunensis Isolates from Orthopedic Infections: Correlation of β-hemolysin, hemolysin III, and slush Genes with Hemolytic Activity and Synergistic Hemolytic Activity

Recent Advances in Antibacterial Coatings to Combat Orthopedic Implant-Associated Infections

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