Precision medicine: Concept and tools

Naithani, Nardeep; Sinha, Sharmila; Misra, Pratibha; Vasudevan, Biju; Sahu, Rajesh

doi:10.1016/j.mjafi.2021.06.021

Cited by 49 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Multi‐omics is the molecular characterisation and quantification of biological molecules in various subfields of molecular biology that can be explored in serum, urine, faeces, and tissues, leading to the generation of large quantitative omics datasets that will subsequently be exploited by complex automated learning statistical methods [40]. As there is now an infinite number of ‘omics’ terms derived from different types of biomolecules in the cells of the human body, we will limit our approach to the omics that have recent application in nocturia research.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

‘Nocturomics’: transition to omics‐driven biomarkers of nocturia, a systematic review and future prospects

et al. 2023

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Objective To systematically review studies that investigated different biomarkers of nocturia, including omics‐driven biomarkers or ‘Nocturomics’. Materials and Methods PubMed®, Scopus®, and Embase® were searched systematically in May 2022 for research papers on biomarkers in physiological fluids and tissues from patients with nocturia. A distinction was made between biomarkers or candidates discovered by omics techniques, referred to as omics‐driven biomarkers, and classical biomarkers, measured by standard laboratory techniques and mostly thought from pathophysiological hypothesis. Results A total of 13 studies with 18 881 patients in total were included, eight of which focused on classical biomarkers including: atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), B‐type natriuretic peptide (BNP), C‐reactive protein (CRP), aldosterone, and melatonin. Five were ‘Nocturomics’, including one that assessed the microbiome and identified 27 faecal and eight urinary bacteria correlated with nocturia; and four studies that identified candidate metabolomic biomarkers, including fatty acid metabolites, serotonin, glycerol, lauric acid, thiaproline, and imidazolelactic acid among others. To date, no biomarker is recommended in clinical practice. Nocturomics are in an embryonic phase of conception but are developing quickly. Although candidate biomarkers are being identified, none of them are yet validated on a large sample, although some preclinical studies have shown a probable role of fatty acid metabolites as a possible biomarker of circadian rhythm and chronotherapy. Conclusion Further research is needed to validate biomarkers for nocturia within the framework of a diagnostic and therapeutic precision medicine perspective. We hope this study provides a summary of the current biomarker discoveries associated with nocturia and details future prospects for omics‐driven biomarkers.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

‘Nocturomics’: transition to omics‐driven biomarkers of nocturia, a systematic review and future prospects

et al. 2023

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“…The collection of all the genes of the microbiota is known as the microbiome. The microbiome alters the metabolome and epigenome of a person, thereby having significant implications in precision medicine [53,54]. In particular, the human gut contains more than 100 trillion microorganisms from more than 1000 different species and these microorganisms play an important role in a person's metabolism, nutrition, and immune function [2].…”

Section: Microbiomics and Metagenomicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Precision Medicine: Disease Subtyping and Tailored Treatment

Wang

2023

Cancers

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The genomics-based concept of precision medicine began to emerge following the completion of the Human Genome Project. In contrast to evidence-based medicine, precision medicine will allow doctors and scientists to tailor the treatment of different subpopulations of patients who differ in their susceptibility to specific diseases or responsiveness to specific therapies. The current precision medicine model was proposed to precisely classify patients into subgroups sharing a common biological basis of diseases for more effective tailored treatment to achieve improved outcomes. Precision medicine has become a term that symbolizes the new age of medicine. In this review, we examine the history, development, and future perspective of precision medicine. We also discuss the concepts, principles, tools, and applications of precision medicine and related fields. In our view, for precision medicine to work, two essential objectives need to be achieved. First, diseases need to be classified into various subtypes. Second, targeted therapies must be available for each specific disease subtype. Therefore, we focused this review on the progress in meeting these two objectives.

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“…Various tools in precision medicine have the potential to eliminate the trial-and-error aspect of prescribing. Techniques such as omics and pharmaco-omics (e.g., genomics, transcriptomics, epigenetics, proteomics, microbiomics, and metabolomics); "big data" obtained from medical records, tests, sensors, and smart devices as well as from the various omics, artificial intelligence, and machine learning which can convert big data into diagnostic and therapeutic interventions; along with better understanding of environmental, social, and behavioral factors will all contribute to precision medicine and dosing along with a new approach to public health and preventative health care, changing the way in which medicines are used, reducing waste and environmental harm, and ultimately improving population health and clinical outcomes (Naithani et al, 2021).…”

Section: Precision Medicinementioning

confidence: 99%

Broadening the Perspective on Reducing Pharmaceutical Residues in the Environment

Helwig

Niemi

Stenuick³

et al. 2023

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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The present study reviews options for reducing harm from pharmaceuticals that are known to cause adverse impacts by their presence in the environment. It reviews recent global and European Union policy development, which could go further in recognizing and addressing the issue in a global context. It considers green chemistry, which can help clean up production processes but holds only long‐term promise for creating “green” alternatives. It explores the potential of health promotion and disease prevention, which can contribute significantly to a reduction of the disease burden and thus the need for medicines, both for infectious and for noncommunicable disease. Eco‐directed sustainable prescribing practices are reviewed, which have been adopted successfully to reduce the use of harmful pharmaceuticals. We note recent developments in medicines optimization and precision medicine, which hold promise for improving patient outcomes, saving costs, and reducing pharmaceutical use, through individually tailored prescribing whereby the patient codecides their therapy. Waste prevention through reuse or redistribution is beginning to find public support and “take‐back” waste disposal schemes set up via extended producer responsibility systems have achieved high returns. Finally, the paper summarizes preferred advanced wastewater technologies, including innovative low‐cost, low‐energy options. In summary, although end‐of‐pipe options have a role to play, particularly for highly concentrated wastewaters, solutions further up the medicinal chain and disease prevention interventions, informed by a broad view of health and health care, are needed to pursue a much greater potential reduction of pharmaceuticals in the environment than can be achieved by end‐of‐pipe solutions alone. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;00:1–11. © 2023 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.

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Precision medicine: Concept and tools

Cited by 49 publications

References 48 publications

‘Nocturomics’: transition to omics‐driven biomarkers of nocturia, a systematic review and future prospects

‘Nocturomics’: transition to omics‐driven biomarkers of nocturia, a systematic review and future prospects

Precision Medicine: Disease Subtyping and Tailored Treatment

Broadening the Perspective on Reducing Pharmaceutical Residues in the Environment

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