Precision measurements of light shifts induced by a narrow-band GaAs laser in the 0-0<sup>133</sup>Cs hyperfine transition

Arditi, M.; Picqué, J. L.

doi:10.1088/0022-3700/8/14/003

Cited by 35 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Another consideration is the dependence of the ac Stark shift on the optical detuning. [23][24][25] Ideally, one wants to operate at a detuning for which the ac Stark shift is a minimum in order to obtain good long-term stability. In general, this detuning does not correspond to the detuning for which the short-term stability is optimal.…”

Section: Implications For Practical Frequency Referencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical-pumping noise in laser-pumped, all-optical microwave frequency references

et al. 2001

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We demonstrate that optical pumping plays a significant role in determining the noise in certain types of laserpumped vapor-cell microwave frequency standards by changing the way in which the laser's FM noise is converted to AM noise by the optical-absorption profile. When this FM-AM conversion is the dominant noise source, the noise spectrum of the transmitted intensity can be dramatically altered by the optical-pumping process. FM noise at Fourier frequencies larger than the optical-pumping time is converted to AM noise differently from noise at lower Fourier frequencies. This effect can modify the optimum design of vapor-cell frequency references and adds an additional FM-AM-related noise source that cannot be eliminated with laser tuning.

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Section: Implications For Practical Frequency Referencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical-pumping noise in laser-pumped, all-optical microwave frequency references

et al. 2001

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“…It is a direct consequence of the coupling between two states through an optical field, and can be calculated by the perturbation theory [16]. Since in the case of a real atom, many levels are coupled to the ground state levels, the contribution of each has to be taken into account [17]. The total light induced shift can be expressed as follows:…”

Section: Light-shift Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Double resonance spectroscopic studies using a new generation of microfabricated microwave cavity

Pellaton

Affolderbach

Mileti

et al. 2013

2013 Joint European Frequency and Time Forum &Amp; International Frequency Control Symposium (EFTF/IFC)

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We evaluate the potential of a new generation microwave cavity by double resonance spectroscopic studies. Both, the cell and the microwave cavity are microfabricated. This allows a substantial size reduction for the physics package, without compromising the RF field geometry and the optical quality of the cell windows. We demonstrate short term stability of 5 × 10 −12 τ −1/2 (1-100 s), and below 1 × 10 −12 up to 10 3 s. Finally, we report on the AC stark shift effect, one of the main limiting factors for long term clock stabilities.

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“…Autler-Townes splittings can be neglected as well, because typical pump light intensities in Rb clocks amount to only a few percent of the saturation intensity of the involved transitions, with even larger margins when collisional broadening and quenching due to a buffer gas are taken into account [9,31]. (Note that at low light intensities power broadening of the level 2 is also avoided, resulting in typical microwave line widths around 0.3-1 kHz.)…”

Section: 1mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to the hyperfine multiplet of the excited state (states 0 in Fig. 1a) the full set of optical transitions starting from the optically pumped ground-state hf level has to be considered [31], as well as the non-resonant transitions starting from the other ground-state levels which give a smaller contribution through the wings of their dispersive LS profiles. Accordingly, for the case of the F g = 1 ground-state level and excitation of the D 2 line of 87 Rb, all three transitions starting from the F g = 1 ground-state level, as well as those starting from F g = 2, have to be taken into consideration.…”

Section: 1mentioning

confidence: 99%

Light-shift suppression in laser optically pumped vapour-cell atomic frequency standards

et al. 2005

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We present a novel scheme for reducing the AC Stark effect in optical-microwave double-resonance spectroscopy and its application for efficient suppression of the light-shift-related instabilities in laser-pumped gas-cell atomic clocks. The method uses a multi-frequency pump light field that can be easily produced by frequency modulation of the single-frequency pump laser. We show theoretically that variations of the light shift with both laser frequency and light intensity can be strongly suppressed with properly chosen pump light spectra. Suitable modulation parameters can be found for both the case of pure frequency modulation as well as for pump light spectra showing amplitude-modulation contributions, as usually found for current modulation of diode lasers. We experimentally demonstrate the method for a Rb atomic clock using a frequency-modulated distributed Braggreflector laser diode as pump light source. IntroductionThe light shift (LS), also known as the AC Stark effect or optical Stark effect, of an atomic level caused by optical probing is a well-known phenomenon. It arises from the interaction of an induced dipole moment with the oscillating electric field of the light, resulting in a shift of the atomic levels and transition frequencies linear with light intensity in the limit of weak fields [1,2]. The existence, control, or reduction of the LS plays a crucial role in many fields of fundamental and applied science, for example Sisyphus [3] and Raman sideband cooling [4][5][6] of atoms in optical lattices [7] or ion-trap quantum information processing [8].The LS also constitutes one of the main sources of instability in such different types of atomic frequency standards [9] as primary atomic fountain clocks [10,11], thermal Cs-beam clocks [12], proposed optical frequency standards [13], and vapour-cell atomic clocks based on optical pumping [14,15] ✉ Fax: +41-32-7220420, E-mail: gaetano.mileti@ne.ch or coherent population trapping (CPT) [16,17]. A number of different approaches have thus been developed to reduce the AC Stark effect in frequency standards. These rely, for example, on mechanical shutters [10,18] or rotating 'light traps' [19] to block unwanted laser light in cold-atom clocks, spatial separation of pump and probe regions in Rb masers [20], or the proposed use of optical lattices at 'magic wavelength' that would balance different LS contributions in optical clocks [13].Here we concentrate on vapour-cell secondary atomic clocks, that offer competitive frequency stabilities both in the short-term (10 −12 to 10 −11 at 1 s) and in the long-term scale (10 −14 to 10 −11 at one day) within a compact (≤ 0.5 to 2.0 l), light (≤ 0.5 to 3.5 kg), and low-power (≤ 8 to 35 W) device. These have found a variety of applications in science, telecommunications, industry, and satellite navigation systems (GALILEO, GPS). Schemes developed for the reduction of the LS in such commercial lamp-pumped Rb clocks [9,14] are mostly based on pulsed optical excitation [21,22] while, for laboratory prototype ...

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Precision measurements of light shifts induced by a narrow-band GaAs laser in the 0-0¹³³Cs hyperfine transition

Cited by 35 publications

References 12 publications

Optical-pumping noise in laser-pumped, all-optical microwave frequency references

Optical-pumping noise in laser-pumped, all-optical microwave frequency references

Double resonance spectroscopic studies using a new generation of microfabricated microwave cavity

Light-shift suppression in laser optically pumped vapour-cell atomic frequency standards

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Precision measurements of light shifts induced by a narrow-band GaAs laser in the 0-0133Cs hyperfine transition

Cited by 35 publications

References 12 publications

Optical-pumping noise in laser-pumped, all-optical microwave frequency references

Optical-pumping noise in laser-pumped, all-optical microwave frequency references

Double resonance spectroscopic studies using a new generation of microfabricated microwave cavity

Light-shift suppression in laser optically pumped vapour-cell atomic frequency standards

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Product

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Precision measurements of light shifts induced by a narrow-band GaAs laser in the 0-0¹³³Cs hyperfine transition