Precision measurements of absorption and refractive-index using an atomic candle

Swan-Wood, T.; Coffer, J. G.; Camparo, J. C.

doi:10.1109/19.963189

Cited by 27 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 16 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…We have demonstrated in our prior work that atoms contained in a vapor cell can be used for a practical and portable microwave (MW) electric-field standard using Rydberg atom electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) [2,3]. The accurate measurement of MW electricfield strength and polarization can advance applications such as MW device design and materials characterization [4][5][6][7][8][9], including metamaterials [10][11][12].…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

Subwavelength microwave electric-field imaging using Rydberg atoms inside atomic vapor cells

et al. 2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We have recently shown that Alkali atoms contained in a vapor cell can serve as a highly accurate standard for microwave electric field strength as well as polarization using the principles of Rydberg atom electromagnetically induced transparency. Here, we show, for the first time, that Rydberg atom electromagnetically induced transparency can be used to image microwave electric fields with unprecedented precision. The spatial resolution of the method is far into the sub-wavelength regime. The electric field resolutions are similar to those we have demonstrated in our prior experiments. Our experimental results agree with finite element calculations of test electric field patterns.Atomic standards are important because they enable stable and uniform measurements and often link physical quantities to each other via universal constants [1]. We have demonstrated in our prior work that atoms contained in a vapor cell can be used for a practical and, in principle, portable microwave (MW) electric field standard using Rydberg atom electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) [2, 3]. The accurate measurement of MW electric field strength and polarization can lead to advances in applications such as antenna design, device development, characterization of electro-magnetic interference, advanced radar applications and materials characterization [4-9], including metamaterials [10][11][12].To our knowledge, no other work exists on imaging MW electric fields with atoms in vapor cells. Even in the field of magnetometry, where vapor cell magnetometers have played a central part [13], absorption imaging for vapor cell MW magnetometry has only been recently reported [14, 15]. Many of the technical issues of imaging a MW magnetic field as opposed to an electric field with a vapor cell are different. Knowledge of both fields is important. Despite the rather straightforward connection between the electric and magnetic fields in free space, there is not always a simple relation between them in the near field. The absolute measurement of MW electric fields at sub-wavelength resolutions and in the near field is necessary for many MW applications.To meet the need for sub-wavelength imaging of MW electric fields, we demonstrate a scheme for subwavelength MW electrometry using Rydberg atom EIT [16, 17] in Cesium (Cs) atomic vapor cells at room temperature. In contrast to scanning probe technology [18, 19], our approach avoids cryogenics and eliminates the presence of conducting materials near the sample, therefore minimizing field disturbances. We achieve a 2-dimensional spatial resolution of ∼ λ MW /650, ∼ 66 µm at ∼ 6.9 GHz, using a test MW electric field in the form of a standing wave and image the MW electric field di- * Corresponding author: shaffer@nhn.ou.edu rectly above a co-planar waveguide (CPW) to demonstrate near field imaging. The electric field resolution is ∼ 50 µV cm −1 limited by our detection setup. The measurements are compatible with our prior work where we attained a minimum detectable electric field amplitude of ...

show abstract

mentioning

confidence: 98%

Subwavelength microwave electric-field imaging using Rydberg atoms inside atomic vapor cells

et al. 2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Observing equation (2), we note that the Rabi resonances have two significant features [49]: (i) the α Rabi resonance reaches its minimum when the MW-atom detuning vanishes (i.e., P 0 0 = a when 0 D = ), meaning the α Rabi resonance could be used to estimate the atomic transition frequency; and (ii) the β Rabi resonance reaches its maximum when the modulation frequency is one-half of the Rabi frequency (i.e., P 0 b peaks when 2 m w = W/ ), indicating its potential for measuring the Rabi frequency. With this highly useful feature, several Rabi resonance-based applications, e.g., the strength stabilization of the MW field and/or laser field (so-called atomic candle) [51], measurements of material properties (e.g., the absorption/refractive-index) [52], observations of cavity-mode stability for Rb atomic clocks [53], and generation of the MW power standard [18,19], have been proposed and/or demonstrated experimentally.…”

Section: Field Measurement Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rabi resonance in Cs atoms and its application to microwave magnetic field measurement

et al. 2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We have recently presented a technique for measuring unknown microwave (MW) fields based on Rabi resonances induced by the interaction of atoms with a phase-modulated MW field. The singlepeak feature of the measurement model makes the technique a valuable tool for simple and fast field measurement. Here we demonstrated a detailed investigation of Rabi resonance of Cs atoms inside a vapour cell. For illustration, we used the Rabi resonance-based field detection technique to determine the field strength inside an X-band cavity for applied power in the range of −21 to 20 dBm. The difference between the practical measurement and the simulation was approximately about 3% for an applied power of 20 dBm, and a higher accuracy could be expected for a larger power input.

show abstract

“…To this end, we have taken advantage of the atoms' atomic-candle signal [13], which is an atomic measure of microwave field strength [14]. With our atomic-candle method we are able to probe the field inside the cavity at the location in which the atoms generate the atomic clock signal (i.e., we perform a local measurement of field strength).…”

Section: Cavity-q Aging Observed Via Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cavity-Q Aging Observed via an Atomic-Candle Signal

Coffer

Sickmiller

Camparo

2004

IEEE Trans. Ultrason., Ferroelect., Freq. Contr.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Public reporting burden for tinis collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing Instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing this collection of information. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES)The Aerospace Corporation Laboratory Operations El Segundo, CA 90245-4691 SPONSORING / MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES)Space and SMC SPONSOR/MONITOR'S REPORT NUMBER(S)SMC-TR-04-14 DISTRIBUTION/AVAILABILITY STATEMENTApproved for public release; distribution unlimited. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES ABSTRACTSlow variations in cavity-Q and microwave power are thought to play a role in the long-term frequency stability of gas-cell atomic clocks. Here, we use an atomic-candle method to study the aging of a Tfion microwave cavity's resonant frequency and quality factor when a glass resonance cell containing Rb^'' loads the cavity. Our results suggest that the alkali vapor coats the inside glass surface of the resonance cell with a thin metallic film; and that, as this film evolves, the quality factor degrades. (In our experiments, the quality factor changed by 30% over a timescale of months.) More generally, the present work demonstrates the efficacy of the atomic-candle method for investigating cavity resonances. In particular, we show that, when used in conjunction with more traditional methods, the atomic-candle method has the potential to reveal information on a cavity mode's spatial profile. Abstract-Slow variations in cavity-Q and microwave power are thought to play a role in the long-term frequency stability of gas-cell atomic clocks. Here, we use an atomiccandle method to study the aging of a TEon microwave cavity's resonant frequency and quality factor when a glass resonance cell containing Rb^^ loads the cavity. Our results suggest that the alkali vapor coats the inside glass surface of the resonance cell with a thin metallic film; and that, as this film evolves, the quality factor degrades. (In our experiments the quality factor changed by ~30% over a timescale of months.) More generally, the present work demonstrates the efficacy of the atomic-candle method for investigating cavity resonances. In particular, we show that, when used in conjunction with more traditional methods, the atomiccandle method has the potential to reveal information on a cavity mode's spatial profile.

show abstract

Precision measurements of absorption and refractive-index using an atomic candle

Cited by 27 publications

References 16 publications

Subwavelength microwave electric-field imaging using Rydberg atoms inside atomic vapor cells

Subwavelength microwave electric-field imaging using Rydberg atoms inside atomic vapor cells

Rabi resonance in Cs atoms and its application to microwave magnetic field measurement

Cavity-Q Aging Observed via an Atomic-Candle Signal

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About