Precision Measurement of Absolute Specular Reflectance with Minimized Systematic Errors

Bennett, H. E.; Koehler, W. F.

doi:10.1364/josa.50.000001

Cited by 197 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Mathematically (1) in which Lop. II is the incident radiance in the solid angle ~w about the direction cp, 8: cp is the angle from the normal to th e surface and e is the azimuth from some fixed point on the specimen.…”

Section: Directional In a S Mall Solid Angle About A Given Direction_mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…L' (cp' , 8') is the functional de scription of the re Ae c ted radian ce in the direction cp'e'. Specular reflectance is the fraction of the flux incident in a small solid angle Llw cente red about the direction cp, (J that is reflec ted into a small solid angle L<p. 8 cos cpLlw (2) For diffusely reflec ting specimens, the defined specular reflectance includes the flux that is diffusely reflected in the specular direction, Nonspecular reflectance is the directional hemispherical reflectance (eq (1)) minu s the specular reflectance (eq (2)) ,…”

Section: Directional In a S Mall Solid Angle About A Given Direction_mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To ascertain that all of the beam of reflected flux was focused onto the entrance port of the averaging sphere at the second focal point, a Polaroid Land camera back was placed at the second focal point so that the plane of the film 10 w.as at the position of the sphere entrance port. Two dIfferent samples were used at the first focal point: (1) an aluminum mirror, and (2) a diffuse porcelain enamel reflectance standard. Figure 8 displays the images formed in the second focal plane for the two different samples and for different exposure times.…”

Section: Experimental Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Directional hemispherical reflectance. Several sample s were chosen for reflectance measurement with t~e EMR: (1) platinum-l.3 percent rhodium alloy, (2) gold mesh, (3) a porcelaIn enamel, and (4) oxidized Kanthal. ll Samples 1 and 4 are high·temperature Th e bla c k are a s urrounding eac h im age is the ap proxim ate size of th e s ph e re e ntra nce port.…”

Section: Experimental Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is more convenient and accurate to use the EMR in the relative mod e, first because it is inconvenient and time consuming to move the detector back and forth between the focal points for an absolute meas· urement, and second because the use of a specular reflectance standard does not introduce a significant error into the measurement, because its reflectance can be measured to about 0.001 [1].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ellipsoidal mirror reflectometer

Dunn¹,

Richmond²,

Wiebelt³

1966

J. RES. NATL. BUR. STAN. SECT. C. ENG. INSTR.

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A new e llip soidal mirror re Aec to me te r is d esc rib ed, in whi c h radi a nt Au x from a n infrared mo noc hro lll a t (>I-is fo c use d on a specimen placed a t th e firs t foca l po int of th e ell ip so id a nd a th e rm o pil e d e tec tor is pla cet! at th e seco nd. Errors assoc iat ed with a n gul ar a nd a rea l variation s in se ns iti vity of th e det ector a nd wi th aberra ti o ns in th e opt ics we re largely e limin a te d thro ugh use of a s ma ll ave ragin g s ph e re pl aced ove r th e d e tector. Losses ca used by th e presc nce of th e e nt ra nee ho le in th c el lipsoidal m ir ror a nd frolll mirror abso rption we re e va lu a ted both th eoreti ca ll y a nd ex pe rim e nt a ll y. Co rrecti o ns for th ese losses pe rmitt ed abso lute re Acc ta nce to be o btain ed for bo th d iffu se and parti a ll y diffu se re Aec tin g s pecim e ns. In additi on, th e uniqu e op ti cs of th e e lli pso id a l mirro r provid e more ve rsa tilit y th an is ava il able in Ilrcv iou s re Hec to me te rs. Thi s ve rsa tilit y in c lu d es th e ab ilit y to acc ura te ly meas ure direc ti o na l-he mi s p he ri ca l, s pec ul ar, nons llec ular , and direc ti o na l-a nnul a r co ne re Aec tan ce. An a nal ys is of the acc uracy of th e in s trum e nt indi ca tes th a t an acc uracy of be tt e r th a n one pe r ce nt is poss ibl e fo r a ll e ng in ee rin g materia ls. Th e li se of th e s ulfur ave rag in g s ph e re a lso allowed the cons tru c ti o n of a s impl e acc u ra te s pec ul a r re Aec tome te r for ca li bration of th e mirror re fe re nce stand a rd s use d in th ese meas urement s.Key Words : Avera gin g sp heres, bidirect ional re fl ec t ali ce, diffu se re fl ec tance , e llipso ida l re Aee to me te r, infrared, infra re d det ec tors , re Hec tan ce . re Aee tollle te r, s pat ia l se ns itivit y, s pec tral refle c ta nce, spee ular re Aec tanc e.

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Section: Directional In a S Mall Solid Angle About A Given Direction_mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Directional In a S Mall Solid Angle About A Given Direction_mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Experimental Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Experimental Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Ellipsoidal mirror reflectometer

Dunn¹,

Richmond²,

Wiebelt³

1966

J. RES. NATL. BUR. STAN. SECT. C. ENG. INSTR.

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Verfahren zur hochgenauen Bestimmung des Reflexionsvermögens von Laserspiegeln in einer Resonatoranordnung

et al. 1988

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Inhaltsiibersicht. Wird auf geeignete Weise ein hochfrequent amplitudenmodulierter Laserstrahl geringer Linienbreite in einen passiven Resonator gekoppelt, bewirken die Resonatorgeometrie und die Reflexionsvermogen R, und R, der Resonatorspiegel eine Phasenverschiebung des Modulationssignales beziiglich eines Referenzstrahles. Durch zeitlineare ResonatorlLngenLnderung wird eine zeitabhiingige Phasenverschiebung erzeugt, der das Produkt R,R, eindeutig zu entnehmen ist.Abstract. If a high frequency intensity chopped laser beam is passing a passive optical resonator a phme lag between its output and input signal results. Due to the limited photon lifetime inside the resonator the measurable phase lag is determined by resonator length and mirror reflectivities.Changing the resonator length in a time-proportional regime a time dependent phase lag results from which the product of mirror reflectivities is calculable unambiquously.

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A Technique for Measuring Small Optical Loss Using an Oscillating Spherical Mirror Interferometer

Rack¹,

Biazzo²

1964

Bell System Technical Journal

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Precision Measurement of Absolute Specular Reflectance with Minimized Systematic Errors

Cited by 197 publications

References 13 publications

Ellipsoidal mirror reflectometer

Ellipsoidal mirror reflectometer

Verfahren zur hochgenauen Bestimmung des Reflexionsvermögens von Laserspiegeln in einer Resonatoranordnung

A Technique for Measuring Small Optical Loss Using an Oscillating Spherical Mirror Interferometer

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