Precision laser micro-processing of polymers

Tiaw, K.S.; Hong, Minghui; Teoh, S.H.

doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2006.01.145

Cited by 33 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Whole Area Irradiative Processing Table 1 allows one to identify that there was some significant differences between the as-received (AR), KrF excimer laser-induced patterned and KrF excimer laser whole area processed nylon 6,6 samples in terms of surface parameters and wettability characteristics. It was observed that for the KrF laser-induced patterned samples θ increased even though there was a significant increase in surface roughness.…”

Section: -Comparison Between Krf Excimer Laser-induced Patterning Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These techniques range from surface topography modification [6][7][8] to surface chemistry modification [9][10][11] and have given rise to the increased interest in using polymers as biomaterials [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. Nylon 6,6, the strongest and most abrasive resistant unreinforced nylon, has been used for such biological applications as sutures, tracheal tubes and gastrointestinal segments [20]. With regards to orthopedic applications it can be seen that nylon is not commonly employed due to the hygroscopic nature having a large affect on the mechanical properties over long periods of time [21].…”

Section: -Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Wettability and osteoblast cell response modulation through UV laser processing of nylon 6,6

Waugh

Lawrence

2011

Applied Surface Science

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1522 668891 -AbstractWith an ageing population the demand for cheap, efficient implants is ever increasing. Laser surface treatment offers a unique means of varying biomimetic properties to determine generic parameters to predict cell responses. This paper details how a KrF excimer laser can be employed for both laser-induced patterning and whole area irradiative processing to modulate the wettability characteristics and osteoblast cell response following 24 hour and 4 day incubation. Through white light interferometry (WLI) it was found that the surface roughness had considerably increased by up to 1.5 µm for the laser-induced patterned samples and remained somewhat constant at around 0.1 µm for the whole area irradiative processed samples. A sessile drop device determined that the wettability characteristics differed between the surface treatments. For the patterned samples the contact angle, θ, increased by up to 25° which can be attributed to a mixed-state wetting regime.For the whole area irradiative processed samples θ decreased owed to an increase in polar component, γ P . For all samples θ was a decreasing function of the surface energy. The laser whole area irradiative processed samples gave rise to a distinct correlative trend between the cell response, θ and γ P . However, no strong relationship was determined for the laser-induced patterned samples due to the mixed-state wetting regime. As a result, owed to the relationships and evidence of cell differentiation one can deduce that laser whole area irradiative processing is an attractive technology for employment within regenerative medicine to meet the demands of an ageing population.Keywords: Excimer laser, nylon 6,6, wettability, osteoblast cells, bioactivity, regenerative medicine. -IntroductionIt has been realized worldwide within the scientific community and various industries that lasers offer major advantages over alternative techniques for materials processing [1][2][3][4]. Some of the main advantages of using a laser for materials processing are:• Relative cleanliness.• Accurate processing.o Allows much control over the Heat Affected Zone (HAZ) due to the ability of relative precise control over the thermal profile and thermal penetration/absorption.• Precise placement of the beam onto the target material allowing user specified areas of the target material to be processed.• Post-processing techniques required are usually minimal.• Non-contact processing.• Automation (repeatability) of the various processing techniques using a laser is relatively easy to implement.With a large number of different lasers now commercially available it is possible for one to deduce that almost all materials can be processed using a laser due to the wide range of laser parameters that can be utilized. With the many benefits of using lasers for materials processing it has been found that the interest in laser-induced surface treatment has grown, especially within the biomedical industry. This is due to the fact that lasers offer the user a highly selective, rapid...

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Section: -Comparison Between Krf Excimer Laser-induced Patterning Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: -Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wettability and osteoblast cell response modulation through UV laser processing of nylon 6,6

Waugh

Lawrence

2011

Applied Surface Science

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“…Whereas, UV lasers tend to give rise to the absorption of the light through electronic excitation which is often within delocalized electron configurations. In consequence polymers can have broad absorption features and directly break the polymer bonds as a result of the high photon energy [19]. With most lasers it is seen that the smallest possible features that can be achieved are on the micron scale; however, nano-structures have been achieved using a laser emitting at a wavelength of 157nm [20].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

On the effects of using CO2 and F2 lasers to modify the wettability of a polymeric biomaterial

Waugh

Lawrence

Walton

et al. 2010

Optics & Laser Technology

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-AbstractEnhancement of the surface properties of a material by means of laser radiation has been amply demonstrated previously. In this work a comparative study for the surface modification of nylon 6,6 has been conducted in order to vary the wettability characteristics using CO 2 and excimer lasers. This was done by producing 50 μm spaced (with depths between 1 and 10 μm) trench-like patterns using various laser parameters such as varying the laser power for the CO 2 laser and number of pulses for the excimer laser. Topographical changes were analysed using optical microscopy and white light interferometry which indicated that both laser systems can be implemented for modifying the topography of nylon 6,6.Variations in the surface chemistry were evaluated using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis and showed that the O 2 increased by up to 1.5% At. and decreased by up to 1.6% At. for the CO 2 and F 2 laser patterned samples, respectively. Modification of the wettability characteristics was quantified by measuring the advancing contact angle, which was found to increase in all instances for both laser systems. Emery paper roughened samples were also analysed in the same manner to determine that the topographical pattern played a major role in the wettability characteristics of nylon 6,6. From this, it is proposed that the increase in contact angle for the laser processed samples is due to a mixed intermediate state wetting regime owed to the periodic surface roughness brought about by the laser induced trench-like topographical patterns.Keywords: CO 2 laser, F 2 laser, nylon 6,6, wettability, contact angle. -IntroductionThe study of wettability has been a major focal point for many researchers and has been applied to a wide range of applications such as biomedical [1][2][3][4], coating technologies [5,6] and adhesion [7][8][9]. As the interface between a solid and liquid can be very complex it is necessary to account for the wetting regime that takes place. Two of the most common wetting regimes is that of Wenzel and Cassie-Baxter. In most instances it is seen that for hydrophilic surfaces (surfaces which provide contact angles of less than 90°) the Wenzel wetting regime dominates in which the whole of the liquid wets the surface. For hydrophobic surfaces (contact angles greater than 90°) the wetting regime tends to be that of Cassie-Baxter in which air-gaps are formed between the liquid-solid interface. However, in some cases it has been seen that it may be possible for a hydrophilic surface to give rise to some form of Cassie-Baxter wetting or CassieBaxter/Wenzel mixed intermediate wetting regime owed to the roughness and topographical pattern on the surface [10,11]. In this instance it is seen in some cases that increasing the surface roughness, through the patterning of a surface, can give rise to an increase in contact angle for hydrophilic materials. On the other hand, it has also been observed that in general, when the surface energy and its components are a ...

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“…Another example, micro-patterning on stainless steel, is given in Figure 3. Chan et al [56] and Tiaw et al [18] showed that by implementing Nd:YAG lasers periodic linear and dot patterns could be generated on polymeric material surfaces. As Nd:YAG lasers were used, the machining could be carried out without the need of a photo-mask or a focusing lens and can be seen as a highly attractive materials processing technique if one wanted a very flexible equipment set-up.…”

Section: Various Surface Treatments 21 Laser Surface Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…So, in order to optimize their adhesion characteristics for their use in biological environments, a vast number of techniques and methods have been developed. These techniques range from surface topography modification [18,19] to surface chemistry modification [20][21][22] and have even given rise to increased interest in using polymers as biomaterials [1,10,21,23]. Taking the stem cell industry alone, its global worth is estimated to increase by £3 billion over the next 4 years [24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface Treatments to Modulate Bioadhesion: A Critical Review

Waugh¹,

Toccaceli²,

Gillett³

et al. 2016

rev adhes adhesives

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On account of the recent increase in importance of biological and microbiological adhesion in industries such as healthcare and food manufacturing many researchers are now turning to the study of materials, wettability and adhesion to develop the technology within these industries further. This is highly significant as the stem cell industry alone, for example, is currently worth £3.5 million in the United Kingdom (UK) alone. This paper reviews the current state-of-the-art techniques used for surface treatment with regards to modulating biological adhesion including laser surface treatment, plasma treatment, micro/nano printing and lithography, specifically highlighting areas of interest for further consideration by the scientific community. What is more, this review discusses the advantages and disadvantages of the current techniques enabling the assessment of the most attractive means for modulating biological adhesion, taking in to account cost effectiveness, complexity of equipment and capabilities for processing and analysis.

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Precision laser micro-processing of polymers

Cited by 33 publications

References 12 publications

Wettability and osteoblast cell response modulation through UV laser processing of nylon 6,6

Wettability and osteoblast cell response modulation through UV laser processing of nylon 6,6

On the effects of using CO2 and F2 lasers to modify the wettability of a polymeric biomaterial

Surface Treatments to Modulate Bioadhesion: A Critical Review

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