Precision-guided or blunt? The effects of US economic sanctions on human rights

Gutmann, Jerg; Neuenkirch, Matthias; Neumeier, Florian

doi:10.1007/s11127-019-00746-9

Cited by 33 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…Although the sanctioning of countries is seemingly conceived and promoted as a gender neutral act, empirical studies suggest that the most vulnerable populations, including women, are negatively affected by sanctions regimes and that they bear the burden of sanctions (Buck et al, 1998;Drury & Peksen, 2014;Gutmann et al, 2020). Drury and Peksen (2014) argue that the costs of trade sanctions are disproportionately imposed on women, who are often already one of the most marginalized and political and economic actors in the target country, with women's social, political, and economic rights substantially affected (Gutmann et al, 2020). Despite this, surprisingly, very few works have been focused on the gendered implications of sanctions.…”

Section: Peace Through Sanctionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tourism, peace and sustainability in sanctions-ridden destinations

Seyfi

Hall

Vo‐Thanh

2020

Journal of Sustainable Tourism

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Despite the widespread use of sanctions as a foreign policy tool in the absence of armed intervention and as a means to promote peace, there is notable absence of research on the effects of sanctions on the peacebuilding capacity of tourism and their relationship to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This situation is surprising given that both sanctions and tourism are promoted as a force for peace and reconciliation processes. Drawing upon international relations and political science and via semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders in the Iranian tourism and hospitality industry, this study investigates whether sanctions contribute to peace and create an environment suitable for tourism development. The findings indicate how the imposition, relaxation and then reimposition of sanctions by international state actors as a means of peace have paralyzed the Iranian tourism industry through its psychological, sectoral, and societal effects and mobility restrictions. The consequences of sanctions and their sharp contrast with the SDGs are also explored. This study fills a significant gap in tourism research by examining the implications of the application of a widely used coercive geopolitical tool of statecraft in relation to the peace and tourism nexus.

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Section: Peace Through Sanctionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tourism, peace and sustainability in sanctions-ridden destinations

Seyfi

Hall

Vo‐Thanh

2020

Journal of Sustainable Tourism

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“…In their cross-national research encompassing 146 countries from the period 1971-2005, Drury and Peksen (2014) shows that sanctions have a substantial gendered effect and reduce the level of women's rights in targeted countries. Gutmann et al (2019) reported similar findings and argued that adverse effects, such as poverty and income inequality ensued from sanctions, typically further marginalize women.…”

Section: Sanctions and Covid-19 Pandemicmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…The UN Special Rapporteur also called for a human rights approach to address the crisis of COVID-19 by lifting all unilateral sanctions that obstruct the humanitarian responses of sanctioned states, in order to enable their health care systems to fight the COVID-19 pandemic and save lives (UN Human Rights, 2020). This situation highlights the broader discussion of the embeddedness of tourism within economic statecraft (Seyfi & Hall, 2020b), given that sanctions often inflict devastating economic and humanitarian costs and often fail to meet their stated policy objectives (Buck et al, 1998;Drury & Peksen, 2014;Gutmann et al, 2019;Hanania, 2020), as well as the relationship of sanctions to notions of justice applied to mobility and tourism (Higgins-Desbiolles, 2020;Sheller, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 and international travel restrictions: the geopolitics of health and tourism

Seyfi

Hall

Shabani

2020

Tourism Geographies

121

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In an effort to contain the advancement of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, many states have introduced unprecedented peacetime measures ranging from border closures and travel bans to the suspension of visa exemptions, as well as internal mobility restrictions, including full lockdowns and quarantine for incoming passengers. Nevertheless, coercive measures such as sanctions continue to be applied during the COVID-19 outbreak and have largely undermined sanctioned countries' capacity to respond to the pandemic. The latter has prompted renewed discussion of the humanitarian costs of this frequently deployed foreign policy tool against the civilian populations in the target countries. The inconsistent application of border controls and travel restrictions by states also raise questions as to the politics of pandemics and how they fulfill the International Health Regulations. Framed from a geopolitical perspective, this study aims to discuss the power of sanctions regime in relation to state responses to the COVID-19 pandemic. This paper also discusses the degree of selectivity of border restrictions by major global tourism destinations. While the COVID-19 pandemic is first and foremost a health crisis, its implications are economically and geo-politically far-reaching with corresponding implications for the framing of travel and tourism within humanitarian and political contexts.

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“…The studies on the human rights consequences also show only very specific effects of sanctions, which are by far not reflective of the total negative impact on the population. See Gutmann et al (2017) for empirical results and a survey of the literature.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%