Precise, real-time, every-single-shot, carrier-envelope phase measurement of ultrashort laser pulses

Sayler, A. M.; Rathje, Tim; Müller, Walter; Rühle, Klaus; Kienberger, Reinhard; Paulus, Gerhard G.

doi:10.1364/ol.36.000001

Cited by 83 publications

(95 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The electric field of the laser pulse can be approximated as E(t) = E 0 cos 2 (t/τ) cos(ωt + φ), where E 0 is the field amplitude, ω is the carrier frequency, τ is the pulse duration, and φ is the CEP. Combining a reaction microscope (REMI) 20 with a newly developed phase-tagging technique 21 , we obtained the CEP of the laser pulse for each and every ionization event 22 recorded with the REMI. The laser was focussed to a maximum instantaneous intensity of I 0 = cε 0 E 0 2 = (3.0 ± 0.6)×10 14 W cm − 2 into a cold supersonic gas jet of neutral argon atoms located in the centre of the REMI.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attosecond tracing of correlated electron-emission in non-sequential double ionization

et al. 2012

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Despite their broad implications for phenomena such as molecular bonding or chemical reac tions, our knowledge of multi electron dynamics is limited and their theoretical modelling remains a most difficult task. From the experimental side, it is highly desirable to study the dynamical evolution and interaction of the electrons over the relevant timescales, which extend into the attosecond regime. Here we use near single cycle laser pulses with well defined electric field evolution to confine the double ionization of argon atoms to a single laser cycle. The measured two electron momentum spectra, which substantially differ from spectra recorded in all previous experiments using longer pulses, allow us to trace the correlated emission of the two electrons on sub femtosecond timescales. The experimental results, which are discussed in terms of a semiclassical model, provide strong constraints for the development of theories and lead us to revise common assumptions about the mechanism that governs double ionization.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attosecond tracing of correlated electron-emission in non-sequential double ionization

et al. 2012

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“…Calibration of the peak intensity on target was done with an estimated precision of 10% by separate measurements using single ionization of argon atoms in circularly polarized light [22]. The duration and intensity stability of the pulses were monitored on a shot-to-shot basis by a stereo-above-threshold-ionization phase meter [23,24]. More details on our experimental setup can be found in our previous publications [9,25,26].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fragmentation of long-lived hydrocarbons after strong field ionization

et al. 2016

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We experimentally and theoretically investigated the deprotonation process on nanosecond to microsecond timescale in ethylene and acetylene molecules, following their double ionization by a strong femtosecond laser field. In our experiments we utilized coincidence detection with the reaction microscope technique, and found that both the lifetime of the long-lived ethylene dication leading to the delayed deprotonation and the relative channel strength of the delayed deprotonation compared to the prompt one have no evident dependence on the laser pulse duration and the laser peak intensity. Quantum chemical simulations suggest that such delayed fragmentation originates from the tunneling of near-dissociation-threshold vibrational states through a dissociation barrier on a dication electronic state along C-H stretching. Such vibrational states can be populated through strong field double ionization induced vibrational excitation on an electronically excited state in the case of ethylene, and through intersystem crossing from electronically excited states to the electronic ground state in the case of acetylene.

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“…Temporal compression of the pulses after the capillary by several bounces from pairs of chirped mirrors and subsequently passing them through a pair of glass wedges for fine-tuning the dispersion results in a pulse duration of ∼ 4.5 fs. The duration and intensity stability of the pulses are monitored on a shot-to-shot basis by a stereo-abovethreshold ionization phase meter [48,49].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of proton dynamics in efficient photoionization of hydrocarbon molecules

et al. 2014

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We experimentally investigate the ionization mechanism behind the formation of remarkably high charge states observed in the laser-pulse-induced fragmentation of different hydrocarbon molecules by Roither et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 106, 163001 (2011)], who suggested enhanced ionization occurring at multiple C-H bonds as the underlying ionization mechanism. Using multiparticle coincidence momentum imaging we measure the yield of multiply charged fragmenting ethylene and acetylene molecules at several intensities and pulse durations ranging from the few-cycle regime to 25 fs. We observe, at constant intensity, a strong increase of the proton energy with increasing laser pulse duration. It is shown that this is caused by a strong increase in the yield of highly charged parent molecular ions with pulse duration. Based on experimental evidence we explain this increase by the necessary population of precursor states in the parent ion that feature fast C-H stretch dynamics to the critical internuclear distance, where efficient ionization via enhanced ionization takes place. For increasing pulse duration these precursor ionic states are more efficiently populated, which leads in turn to a higher enhanced-ionization probability for longer pulses. Our work provides experimental evidence for the existence of a multiple-bond version of enhanced ionization in polyatomic molecules.

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Precise, real-time, every-single-shot, carrier-envelope phase measurement of ultrashort laser pulses

Cited by 83 publications

References 19 publications

Attosecond tracing of correlated electron-emission in non-sequential double ionization

Attosecond tracing of correlated electron-emission in non-sequential double ionization

Fragmentation of long-lived hydrocarbons after strong field ionization

Role of proton dynamics in efficient photoionization of hydrocarbon molecules

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