Precise Placement of Gold Nanorods by Capillary Assembly

Kuemin, Cyrill; Stutz, R.; Spencer, Nicholas D.; Wolf, Heiko

doi:10.1021/la2001128

Cited by 54 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…The capillary force at the air-water interface is assumed to have driven the silica beads into the holes. The same phenomenon has been observed in other studies [13,14]. However, silica beads were found to remain on the surface of the film, as shown in Fig.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

Pattern transfer of nanostructures onto glass using nanoimprint films

et al. 2013

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

Pattern transfer of nanostructures onto glass using nanoimprint films

et al. 2013

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Section: Gold Nanorod Assemblymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, moving to a lithographically patterned substrate can lead to much more efficient self‐assembly 183–185. Such technique utilizes capillary forces at the edge of drying droplet185 or at an evaporative boundary of a confined solution183, 184 as has been demonstrated in other nanoparticle systems 186–189. The template is patterned to contain assembly sites into which nanorods can fit, which is achieved by thermal scanning‐probe lithography185 or by electron‐beam lithography 183, 184.…”

Section: Gold Nanorod Assemblymentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional Gold Nanorods: Synthesis, Self‐Assembly, and Sensing Applications

2012

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Gold nanorods have received much attention due to their unique optical and electronic properties which are dependent on their shape, size, and aspect ratio. This article covers in detail the synthesis, functionalization, selfassembly, and sensing applications of gold nanorods. The synthesis of three major types of rods is discussed: single-crystalline and pentahedrally-twinned rods, which are synthesized by wet chemistry methods, and polycrystalline rods, which are synthesized by templated deposition. Functionalization of these rods is usually necessary for their applications, but can often be problematic due to their surfactant coating. Thus, general strategies are provided for the covalent and noncovalent functionalization of gold nanorods. The review will then examine the signifi cant progress that has been made in controllable assembly of nanorods into various arrangements. This assembly can have a large effect on measurable properties of rods, making it particularly applicable towards sensing of a variety of analytes. Other types of sensing not dependent on nanorod assembly, such as refractive-index based sensing, are also discussed.Adv.

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“…By controlling the speed of the interface and the contact angle, the template may be almost quantitatively filled. The capillary assembly method has been applied to a number of micrometer scale particles such as latex, as well as gold nanospheres60a and gold nanorods . There is also excellent control over the numbers or arrangements of nanocrystals placed into each unit cell; this can range from single nanocrystals up to close‐packed superstructures .…”

Section: Directed Assemblymentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication of Single‐Nanocrystal Arrays

2019

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two categories. The first is self-assembled, template-based nanofabrication, where a self-assembled superstructure templates the deposition of a nanomaterial. Examples of this include nanosphere lithography for hexagonal structure fabrication, [8] sol-gel structures for creating porous templates, [9] fast pyrolysis for creating hollow structures, [10] and DNA-scaffolding. [11] These template-based processes are widely used due to their simplicity, low fabrication cost, and readily controlled pattern size. However, such methods can often only be used to template a limited range of patterns and offer little control over the final nanomaterial morphology. [6a] The second category we call "arbitrary unit nanofabrication." This refers to any process that is based on a hard template, which is patterned "arbitrarily" using EBL or focused ion beam lithography (FIB). Due to the independent and deterministic fabrication of each unit, arbitrary unit nanofabrication enables the construction of more sophisticated nanostructures than soft-templated processes-in terms of dimensions, morphology, materials, and higher-order structures. Many studies have demonstrated the power of such arbitrary unit-based nanofabrication for applications such as plasmonic coupling, [12] optical and display devices, [13] and sensors. [14] Both of the above nanofabrication strategies (soft template fabrication and lithograph-based fabrication) typically produce templates through which material is deposited via top-down evaporative processes, e.g., physical vapor deposition (PVD). However, such deposition processes offer only a limited range of possible material combinations and there is no control over crystallinity and only poor control over the nanocrystal morphology. The converse is true for nanocrystals synthesized in solution where there is a high degree of control over nanocrystal size, morphology, and crystallinity. Furthermore, complex materials such as core-shell nanocrystals are impossible to make via PVD processes but are easily synthesized chemically. Therefore, combining top-down lithography nanofabrication tools with "bottom-up synthesized" nanocrystals appears to combine the best of both approaches, offering near-endless possibilities for nanofabrication and providing a robust platform for breaking the current bottlenecks in nanomaterials assembly. However, unifying both approaches introduces a range of challenges.In this review, we summarize recent progress in the directed assembly of single nanocrystals. We begin by presenting some recent developments in standard, top-down nanofabrication methods, and then we introduce various directed assembly methods for creating single nanocrystal arrays: capillary force assembly (CFA), electrostatic assembly, optical printing, DNAbased assembly, and electrophoretic deposition (EPD). Of these, the last one has the potential to become a robust, universal method for assembling single nanocrystals directly from solution.To realize the full potential of nanocrystals in nanotechnology, it is necessar...

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Precise Placement of Gold Nanorods by Capillary Assembly

Cited by 54 publications

References 53 publications

Pattern transfer of nanostructures onto glass using nanoimprint films

Pattern transfer of nanostructures onto glass using nanoimprint films

Functional Gold Nanorods: Synthesis, Self‐Assembly, and Sensing Applications

Fabrication of Single‐Nanocrystal Arrays

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