“…The officially available data sets for both CHAMP (Reigber et al 2002) and GRACE (Tapley et al 2004) only provide 0.1 Hz on a maximum of ten channels (see, e.g., Bock 2004). Thanks to the larger number of tracked satellites, more observations are available per epoch, which is very helpful, in particular for the kinematic (KIN) positioning of the GOCE satellite.…”
Section: Goce Gps Data Characteristicsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…An RSO chain (Visser et al 2009;Bock et al 2007) was implemented for the GOCE satellite to support mission operations. These orbits are used amongst others for external calibration, geodetic preprocessing of the gradiometer data and for quick-look gravity field modeling.…”
Section: Low Latency Orbits: Rsomentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The requirement in latency is 2 weeks with an accuracy of 2 cm (1D, Visser et al 2006). The two institutions have proven their ability for LEO POD in, e.g., Jäggi et al (2007Jäggi et al ( , 2009van den IJssel et al (2003); Montenbruck et al (2005Montenbruck et al ( , 2008 and have shown in Bock et al (2007) and Visser et al (2009) that the POD requirements for the GOCE mission can be met with their procedures.…”
The first ESA (European Space Agency) Earth explorer core mission GOCE (Gravity field and steady-state Ocean Circulation Explorer) was launched on 17 March 2009 into a sun-synchronous dusk-dawn orbit with an exceptionally low initial altitude of about 280 km. The onboard 12-channel dual-frequency GPS (Global Positioning System) receiver delivers 1 Hz data, which provides the basis for precise orbit determination (POD) for such a very low orbiting satellite. As part of the European GOCE Gravity Consortium the Astronomical Institute of the University of Bern and the Department of Earth Observation and Space Systems are responsible for the orbit determination of the GOCE satellite within the GOCE High-level Processing Facility. Both quicklook (rapid) and very precise orbit solutions are produced with typical latencies of 1 day and 2 weeks, respectively. This article summarizes the special characteristics of the GOCE GPS data, presents POD results for about 2 months of data, and shows that both latency and accuracy requirements are met. Satellite Laser Ranging validation shows that an accuracy of 4 and 7 cm is achieved for the reduced-dynamic and kinematic Rapid Science Orbit solutions, respectively. The validation of the reduced-dynamic and kinematic Precise Science Orbit solutions is at a level of about 2 cm.
“…The officially available data sets for both CHAMP (Reigber et al 2002) and GRACE (Tapley et al 2004) only provide 0.1 Hz on a maximum of ten channels (see, e.g., Bock 2004). Thanks to the larger number of tracked satellites, more observations are available per epoch, which is very helpful, in particular for the kinematic (KIN) positioning of the GOCE satellite.…”
Section: Goce Gps Data Characteristicsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…An RSO chain (Visser et al 2009;Bock et al 2007) was implemented for the GOCE satellite to support mission operations. These orbits are used amongst others for external calibration, geodetic preprocessing of the gradiometer data and for quick-look gravity field modeling.…”
Section: Low Latency Orbits: Rsomentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The requirement in latency is 2 weeks with an accuracy of 2 cm (1D, Visser et al 2006). The two institutions have proven their ability for LEO POD in, e.g., Jäggi et al (2007Jäggi et al ( , 2009van den IJssel et al (2003); Montenbruck et al (2005Montenbruck et al ( , 2008 and have shown in Bock et al (2007) and Visser et al (2009) that the POD requirements for the GOCE mission can be met with their procedures.…”
The first ESA (European Space Agency) Earth explorer core mission GOCE (Gravity field and steady-state Ocean Circulation Explorer) was launched on 17 March 2009 into a sun-synchronous dusk-dawn orbit with an exceptionally low initial altitude of about 280 km. The onboard 12-channel dual-frequency GPS (Global Positioning System) receiver delivers 1 Hz data, which provides the basis for precise orbit determination (POD) for such a very low orbiting satellite. As part of the European GOCE Gravity Consortium the Astronomical Institute of the University of Bern and the Department of Earth Observation and Space Systems are responsible for the orbit determination of the GOCE satellite within the GOCE High-level Processing Facility. Both quicklook (rapid) and very precise orbit solutions are produced with typical latencies of 1 day and 2 weeks, respectively. This article summarizes the special characteristics of the GOCE GPS data, presents POD results for about 2 months of data, and shows that both latency and accuracy requirements are met. Satellite Laser Ranging validation shows that an accuracy of 4 and 7 cm is achieved for the reduced-dynamic and kinematic Rapid Science Orbit solutions, respectively. The validation of the reduced-dynamic and kinematic Precise Science Orbit solutions is at a level of about 2 cm.
“…These solutions make no assumptions on the satellite motion and are not constrained by dynamical laws or models for the orbital motion of the host spacecraft. Kinematic POD solutions are therefore of particular interest for gravity research, for example see Svehla and Rothacher (2005), and will be a standard data product for the GOCE mission (Rummel et al 2004;Bock et al 2007). Due to the lack of dynamical constraints, the kinematic solutions are generally more sensitive to measurement and modeling errors than reduced dynamics orbits.…”
The global navigation satellite system receiver for atmospheric sounding (GRAS) on MetOp-A is the first European GPS receiver providing dual-frequency navigation and occultation measurements from a spaceborne platform on a routine basis. The receiver is based on ESA's AGGA-2 correlator chip, which implements a high-quality tracking scheme for semi-codeless P(Y) code tracking on the L1 and L2 frequency. Data collected with the zenith antenna on MetOp-A have been used to perform an inflight characterization of the GRAS instrument with focus on the tracking and navigation performance. Besides an assessment of the receiver noise and systematic measurement errors, the study addresses the precise orbit determination accuracy achievable with the GRAS receiver. A consistency on the 5 cm level is demonstrated for reduced dynamics orbit solutions computed independently by four different agencies and software packages. With purely kinematic solutions, 10 cm accuracy is obtained. As a part of the analysis, an empirical antenna offset correction and preliminary phase center correction map are derived, which notably reduce the carrier phase residuals and improve the consistency of kinematic orbit determination results.
“…The computation time for a 1-s solutions is at least 30 times longer than for a 30-s solution because of the epoch-wise processing. Therefore, we studied whether a reduced sampling is sufficient for the GPS satellite clock corrections to reach the same or an only slightly inferior accuracy as for the full 1-s clock correction set (see also Bock et al 2007).…”
Section: Validation Of Reduced Sampling Ratementioning
GPS zero-difference applications with a sampling rate up to 1 Hz require corresponding high-rate GPS clock corrections. The determination of the clock corrections in a full network solution is a time-consuming task. The Center for Orbit Determination in Europe (CODE) has developed an efficient algorithm based on epoch-differenced phase observations, which allows to generate high-rate clock corrections within reasonably short time (<2 h) and with sufficient accuracy (on the same level as the CODE rapid or final clock corrections, respectively). The clock determination procedure at CODE and the new algorithm is described in detail. It is shown that the simplifications to speed up the processing are not causing a significant loss of accuracy for the clock corrections. The high-rate clock corrections have in essence the same quality as clock corrections determined in a full network solution. In order to support 1 Hz applications 1-s clock corrections would be needed. The computation time, even for the efficient algorithm, is not negligible, however. Therefore, we studied whether a reduced sampling is sufficient for the GPS satellite clock corrections to reach the same or only slightly inferior level of accuracy as for the full 1-s clock correction set. We show that high-rate satellite clock corrections with a spacing of 5 s may be linearly interpolated resulting in less than 2% degradation of accuracy.
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