Precise Measurement of Lunar Spectral Irradiance at Visible Wavelengths

Cramer, Claire; Lykke, K. R.; Woodward, J.; Smith, A. W.

doi:10.6028/jres.118.020

Cited by 35 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 13 publications

(16 reference statements)

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“…Preliminary work at NIST indicates that ground-based observations with a calibrated telescope and spectrograph may be capable of making SI-traceable measurements of the Moon's spectral irradiance with sub-percent accuracy at visible wavelengths [6]. The NIST technique provides continuous spectral coverage but is limited to stable, isotropic atmospheric conditions and wavelengths unaffected by molecular absorption.…”

Section: Establishing the Moon As An Si-traceable Standardmentioning

confidence: 99%

Workshop on Lunar Calibration for Satellite Remote Sensing

Cramer

2016

J. RES. NATL. INST. STAN.

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Tracking climate variables at the levels of precision and accuracy required to detect global change requires satellite sensors to make highly consistent measurements that can be compared to measurements made at different times and with different instruments. Gaps in climate data records, such as those resulting from launch delay or instrument failure, and inconsistencies in radiometric scales between satellites can introduce unnecessary measurement error and thus undermine the credibility of fundamental climate data records. To address these issues, leading experts in satellite remote sensing and lunar observation and modeling assembled at the National Institute of Standards and Technology from 12-15 May 2012 for a workshop to discuss the utility of and strategies for using the Moon to calibrate satellite remote sensing measurements. This report summarizes the outcome of the workshop, including suggested steps to maximize the value of the Moon as an exoatmospheric calibration source for satellite remote sensing.

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Section: Establishing the Moon As An Si-traceable Standardmentioning

confidence: 99%

Workshop on Lunar Calibration for Satellite Remote Sensing

Cramer

2016

J. RES. NATL. INST. STAN.

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“…Nevertheless, the Moon photometry technique is still affected by notable limitations. Despite the Moon being our nearest celestial neighbor, our knowledge about its spectral irradiance is far from being as precise as the spectra from the Sun or bright stars like Vega (Cramer et al, 2013). The main important obstacle in Moon photometry is the fact that the Moon is a variable reflector of sunlight and, as a result, it is a highly variable source of visible light (Miller et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this respect, the Robotic Lunar Observatory (ROLO) model, developed by Kieffer and Stone (2005), is the most careful radiometric study on the Moon's brightness to date (Cramer et al, 2013). The ROLO model has recently emerged as a unique tool for Moon photometry (Berkoff et al, 2011;Barreto et al, 2013aBarreto et al, , b, 2016 and is an essential part of the calibration process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lacherade et al (2013Lacherade et al ( , 2014 and Viticchié et al (2013) found a small phase angle dependence of the ROLO calibration using the Pleiades Orbital Lunar Observations (POLO) and Meteosat Second Generation (MSG) Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager (SEVIRI) solar bands. Cramer et al (2013) developed a novel apparatus to accurately measure the lunar spectral irradiance with the aim of estimating these systematic effects in the ROLO model. Barreto et al (2016) used the CE318-T and the ROLO model to retrieve AOD at day-and nighttime at Izaña, a high altitude observatory located at Tenerife (the Canary Islands, Spain).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment of nocturnal aerosol optical depth from lunar photometry at the Izaña high mountain observatory

et al. 2017

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Abstract. This work is a first approach to correct the systematic errors observed in the aerosol optical depth (AOD) retrieved at nighttime using lunar photometry and calibration techniques dependent on the lunar irradiance model. To this end, nocturnal AOD measurements were performed in 2014 using the CE318-T master Sun-sky-lunar photometer (lunar Langley calibrated) at the Izaña high mountain observatory. This information has been restricted to 59 nights characterized as clean and stable according to lidar vertical profiles. A phase angle dependence as well as an asymmetry within the Moon's cycle of the Robotic Lunar Observatory (ROLO) model could be deduced from the comparison in this 59-night period of the CE318-T calibration performed by means of the lunar Langley calibration and the calibration performed every single night by means of the common Langley technique. Nocturnal AOD has also been compared in the same period with a reference AOD based on daylight AOD extracted from the AErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET) at the same station. Considering stable conditions, the difference AOD fit , between AOD from lunar observations and the linearly interpolated AOD (the reference) from daylight data, has been calculated. The results show that AOD fit values are strongly affected by the Moon phase and zenith angles. This dependency has been parameterized using an empirical model with two independent variables (Moon phase and zenith angles) in order to correct the AOD for these residual dependencies. The correction of this parameterized dependency has been checked at four stations with quite different environmental conditions (Izaña, Lille, Carpentras and Dakar) showing a significant reduction of the AOD dependence on phase and zenith angles and an improved agreement with daylight reference data. After the correction, absolute AOD differences for day-night-day clean and stable transitions remain below 0.01 for all wavelengths.

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“…In particular, the Moon surface plays the role of a robust calibration target due to its similar brightness to the land of Earth except for the cloudy regions. 4 In addition, the Moon does not have an atmospheric effect, which accounts for an erroneous impact on the measurement from the imager.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring of COMS MI visible channel degradation based on Moon observations

Seo

Jin

2014

J. Appl. Remote Sens

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Abstract. Most of the current space-borne visible imagers on a geosynchronous orbit (GEO), which do not have onboard calibration devices, use a vicarious calibration. For a meteorological payload on a GEO satellite, lunar calibration is often used. The meteorological imager (MI) on the communication, ocean, and meteorological satellite (COMS) has been successfully operated for half of its entire mission lifetime (∼7 years). The visible channel of the MI uses the lunar calibration to monitor its degradation. The degradation rate of the instrument was monitored using the ratio between the calculated radiance of the Moon from the Robotic Lunar Observatory (ROLO) model and the observed radiance from the MI. Analyses of the 42-month Moon image data showed that the instrument's mean degradation rate was about 1.88%. These values confirmed the outstanding performance of the COMS MI visible channel compared with that of the GOES-10 imager.

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Precise Measurement of Lunar Spectral Irradiance at Visible Wavelengths

Cited by 35 publications

References 13 publications

Workshop on Lunar Calibration for Satellite Remote Sensing

Workshop on Lunar Calibration for Satellite Remote Sensing

Assessment of nocturnal aerosol optical depth from lunar photometry at the Izaña high mountain observatory

Monitoring of COMS MI visible channel degradation based on Moon observations

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