“…Precise genome editing can be achieved through the homology-directed repair (HDR) pathway by introducing repair templates. Cas proteins can be further engineered to recruit effector protein domains in order to achieve base editing ( Kim, 2018 ), prime editing ( Li et al., 2020b ; Butt et al., 2020 ; Lin et al., 2020 ; Lu et al., 2020 ; Tang et al., 2020 ; Xu et al., 2020 ), epigenome editing ( Gallego-Bartolomé et al., 2018 ; Papikian et al., 2019 ), and transcriptional regulation ( Lowder et al., 2015 , 2018 ; Piatek et al., 2015 ; Li et al., 2017 ; Tang et al., 2017 ). To date, three major CRISPR systems for plant genome editing have been successfully demonstrated: Cas9, Cas12a, and Cas12b ( Zhang et al., 2019 ; Ming et al., 2020 ).…”