Precise Extraction of Charge Carrier Mobility for Organic Transistors

Xu, Yong; Li, Yun; Li, Songlin; Ghibaudo, G.; Li, Wenwu; Lin, Yen‐Fu; Sun, Huabin; Wan, Jing; Wang, Xinran; Guo, Yufeng; Shi, Yi; Noh, Yong‐Young

doi:10.1002/adfm.201904508

Cited by 41 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 84 publications

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“…We further verified these μ sat values by operating transistors in the linear regime and calculating their mobility, μ 0 , using the Y-function method (Figure S31e,f). , μ 0 values match our μ sat values within error (Table ). It should be noted that linear mobilities were measured in ambient conditions.…”

Section: Results and Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Modular Synthesis of Fully Degradable Imine-Based Semiconducting p-Type and n-Type Polymers

et al. 2021

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Featuring acid-labile yet conjugated bonds along the polymer backbone, imine-based organic semiconductors are emerging as viable candidates for transient electronics. To enable their widespread use, a modular synthesis based on Stille crosscouplings is described herein. Compared to utilizing imine-based condensation, which is sensitive to interference from moisture, our approach offers relatively more control over batch-to-batch reactions. Notably, we show the molecular design and synthesis of an imine-and-thiophene-containing motif with dibromo or ditin functionality as building blocks for degradable semiconducting polymers. The building blocks can be readily copolymerized with aromatic units, which are commercially available or synthesized from well-established protocols, conventionally used in semiconducting polymers. In fact, such aromatic units are likely already available in laboratories synthesizing semiconducting polymers. In addition to degradable p-type semiconductors, we report the first degradable n-type semiconducting polymer. The degradable semiconductors are characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance, gel permeation chromatography, grazing-incidence X-ray diffraction, and ultraviolet−visible spectroscopy (UV−vis). The UV−vis spectra of their solutions and films resemble the spectra of their nondegradable vinyl analogues; still, we rationalize small differences between the band gaps with the assistance of density functional theory and time-dependent density functional theory. The charge carrier mobilities of the degradable p-type (0.28 cm 2 /V•s) and n-type (0.10 cm 2 /V•s) semiconductors also fare reasonably well with their nondegradable counterparts. These molecules enabled the fabrication of inverters, showing expected device characteristics. Given the ease and efficiency in the synthesis of the imine-containing building blocks and straightforward preparation of complementary building blocks for Stille cross-couplings, we anticipate this robust synthetic scheme to accelerate the exploration of imine-based degradable semiconductors.

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Section: Results and Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Modular Synthesis of Fully Degradable Imine-Based Semiconducting p-Type and n-Type Polymers

et al. 2021

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“…The observed differences should also give insights into the actual effect of ttmgb on trap states in carbon nanotube networks. Furthermore, temperature-dependent mobility measurements are a common tool to test charge transport models for disordered semiconductors . Thus, it is vital to determine which mobility values should be considered at different temperatures.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, temperature-dependent mobility measurements are a common tool to test charge transport models for disordered semiconductors. 40 Thus, it is vital to determine which mobility values should be considered at different temperatures.…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular n-Doping of Large- and Small-Diameter Carbon Nanotube Field-Effect Transistors with Tetrakis(tetramethylguanidino)benzene

Gotthardt

Schneider

Brohmann

et al. 2021

ACS Appl. Electron. Mater.

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The guanidino-functionalized aromatic compound 1,2,4,5-tetrakis(tetramethylguanidino)benzene (ttmgb) has been shown to be an efficient n-dopant for field-effect transistors (FETs) with gold contacts and networks of semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) with small diameters and large band gaps. Here, we investigate the broader applicability of ttmgb as a molecular n-dopant by fabricating bottom-contact/top-gate FETs with different air-stable, high work function metals as electrodes and with both small-and large-diameter polymer-sorted SWCNTs. Kelvin probe measurements indicate a reduction of the work functions of gold, palladium, and platinum by about 1 eV after ttmgb treatment and, correspondingly, gated four-point probe measurements show orders of magnitude lower contact resistances for electron injection into SWCNT networks. FETs based on networks of (6,5) SWCNTs with large band gaps as well as mixed semiconducting plasma torch SWCNTs with small band gaps can thus be transformed from ambipolar to purely n-type with no hole injection or increased off-currents by applying optimized ttmgb concentrations. Carrier concentration-and temperature-dependent measurements reveal that ttmgb treatment does not impact the electron transport and maximum mobilities in SWCNT networks at high carrier densities, but greatly improves the subthreshold slope of nanotube FETs by removing shallow electron trap states. This effect is found to be particularly pronounced for small-diameter nanotubes with large band gaps.

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“…[36,37] Moreover, too high drain voltage can potentially lead to significant Joule heating. [38] With these constraints in mind, the drain voltage should be as low as possible but high enough to drive the device to operate in a saturation state. For the devices tested, from output curves, at V D = −40 V, drain currents are already saturated, so we applied −40 V for the transfer curve measurement.…”

Section: Wwwadvelectronicmatdementioning

confidence: 99%

From Chlorinated Solvents to Branched Polyethylene: Solvent‐Induced Phase Separation for the Greener Processing of Semiconducting Polymers

Ocheje

Mechael

et al. 2021

Adv Elect Materials

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Despite having favorable optoelectronic and thermomechanical properties, the wide application of semiconducting polymers still suffers from limitations, particularly with regards to their processing in solution which necessitates toxic chlorinated solvents due to their intrinsic low solubility in common organic solvents. This work presents a novel greener approach to the fabrication of organic electronics without the use of toxic chlorinated solvents. Low‐molecular‐weight non‐toxic branched polyethylene (BPE) is used as a solvent to process diketopyrrolopyrrole‐based semiconducting polymers, then the solvent‐induced phase separation (SIPS) technique is adopted to produce films of semiconducting polymers from solution for the fabrication of organic field‐effect transistors (OFETs). The films of semiconducting polymers prepared from BPE using SIPS show a more porous granular morphology with preferential edge‐on crystalline orientation compared to the semiconducting polymer film processed from chloroform. OFETs based on the semiconducting films processed from BPE show similar device characteristics to those prepared from chloroform without thermal annealing, confirming the efficiency and suitability of BPE to replace traditional chlorinated solvents for green organic electronics. This new greener processing approach for semiconducting polymers is potentially compatible with different printing techniques and is particularly promising for the preparation of porous semiconducting layers and the fabrication of OFET‐based electronics.

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Precise Extraction of Charge Carrier Mobility for Organic Transistors

Cited by 41 publications

References 84 publications

Modular Synthesis of Fully Degradable Imine-Based Semiconducting p-Type and n-Type Polymers

Modular Synthesis of Fully Degradable Imine-Based Semiconducting p-Type and n-Type Polymers

Molecular n-Doping of Large- and Small-Diameter Carbon Nanotube Field-Effect Transistors with Tetrakis(tetramethylguanidino)benzene

From Chlorinated Solvents to Branched Polyethylene: Solvent‐Induced Phase Separation for the Greener Processing of Semiconducting Polymers

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