biotechnology. They play conspicuously and increasingly important roles in precise tumor treatment due to their minimal invasiveness, high temporal-spatial resolution, high biosafety, and highly efficient antitumor ability. [6][7][8][9] As the kernel of phototheranostic systems, the exploitation of phototheranostic agents (PTAs) with high performance is crucial to the development of phototheranostic research. [10][11][12][13][14][15] Especially, PTAs with second near-infrared (NIR-II, 1000-1700 nm) emission [16][17][18][19] are attracting extensive interest in the last few years for higher signal-to-noise ratio, deeper penetration depth, and lower light absorption, scattering, and autofluorescence interference from biological tissues. [20][21][22][23] In order to attain highly efficient NIR-II PTAs, four strategies are commonly used to red-shift absorption and emission wavelengths of fluorophores: [24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31] 1) lengthening the conjugated chain of fluorophores; 2) enhancing intramolecular donor-acceptor (D-A) interactions; 3) tuning the strength and number of donor/acceptor in the fluorophores; 4) fabricating J-aggregates. Although many efforts have been made, most reported NIR-II PTAs so far are mainly D-A-D and D-π-A type fluorophores. [32][33][34] While A-D-A type PTAs are rarely studied [35][36][37][38] Phototheranostics with second near-infrared (NIR-II) imaging and photothermal effect have become a burgeoning biotechnology for tumor diagnosis and precise treatment. As important parameters of phototheranostic agents (PTAs), fluorescence quantum yield (QY) and photothermal conversion efficiency (PCE) are usually considered as a pair of contradictions that is difficult to be simultaneously enhanced. Herein, a fluorination strategy for designing A-D-A type PTAs with synchronously improved QY and PCE is proposed. Experimental results show that the molar extinction coefficient (ε), NIR-II QY, and PCE of all fluorinated PTAs nanoparticles (NPs) are definitely improved compared with the chlorinated counterparts. Theoretical calculation results demonstrate that fluorination can maximize the electrostatic potential difference by virtue of the high electronegativity of fluorine, which may increase intra/intermolecular D-A interactions, tighten molecule packing, and further promote the increase of ε, ultimately leading to simultaneously enhanced QY and PCE. In these PTA NPs, FY6-NPs display NIR-II emission extended to 1400 nm with the highest NIR-II QY (4.2%) and PCE (80%). These features make FY6-NPs perform well in high-resolution imaging of vasculature and NIR-II imaging-guided photothermal therapy (PTT) of tumors. This study develops a valuable guideline for constructing NIR-II organic PTAs with high performance.