Precise dynamic initialisation of fixed‐speed wind turbines under active‐stall and active‐pitch controls from their aerodynamic power coefficients using unified Newton–Raphson power‐flow approach

New unified NR power flow algorithm for initialising fixed speed wind generation system with turbine characteristics

“…From the equivalent circuit representation considered for FSIG in Fig. 2, the air-gap power can be obtained by subtracting stator losses from the terminal power and is given in (15). As load convention has been followed, air-gap power injection is negative.…”

“…It has to be noted that unlike [15], there is no additional power balance equations for induction machine as can be observed from (11) and 12…”

“…Therefore, initialisation of dynamic states using this method are not precise. There are several methods in literature [4,[6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] to overcome this initialisation problem.…”

“…This paper proposes a new unified NR method, taking the wind turbine characteristics into consideration, without creating an internal node like in [15], to initialise the induction machine. The accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method are validated on 14-bus, 41-bus, 203-bus and 1336-bus wind systems and the results are presented.…”

“…The accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method are validated on 14-bus, 41-bus, 203-bus and 1336-bus wind systems and the results are presented. The proposed new unified NR method is also compared with [15].…”