Rapidly rising emissions of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere lead to the greenhouse effect and accelerate the exacerbation of the global climate. [1] Greenhouse gases include carbon dioxide (CO 2), ozone (O 3), nitric oxide (N 2 O), methane (CH 4), hydrogen fluoride, the chlorine carbide class (CFCs, HFCs, HCFCs), and perfluorinated carbide (PFCs) and sulfur hexafluoride (SF 6). The concentration of CO 2 is the highest in the atmosphere among greenhouse gases, and it significantly dominates global warming. [2] The process of the greenhouse effect and the impact of greenhouse gases on global warming are shown in Figure 1. Carbon is one of the most important elements of earth's structure and living things. It widely exists in the biosphere, lithosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere and circulates continuously with the movement of the Earth. CO 2 plays an important role in the cycle. Green plants absorb CO 2 from the atmosphere, and CO 2 is converted into organic matter and oxygen is also released through photosynthesis with the participation of water, as shown in Figure 2. [3,4] Before the industrial revolution, the carbon cycle has been kept in balance for millions of years. After the industrial revolution, human beings began to utilize fossil fuels to obtain energy. The balance of nature is thus destroyed, leading to climate anomalies (e.g., global warming) due to the increased concentration of CO 2 caused by the burning of fossil fuels and other industrial activities. Therefore, reducing emissions of CO 2 and other greenhouse gases is essential for protecting the natural environment. [5,6] At present, carbon emissions can be reduced by decreasing energy consumption, improving energy utilization efficiency, replacing fossil fuels with clean energy (e.g., solar energy, wind energy, geothermal energy, and hydrogen energy), and carbon capture and storage (CCS). However, it is still hard for most of the clean energy to completely replace fossil fuels in the near future because of safety, technology availability, and economical efficiency. [7] CCS is an important technological means to reduce carbon emission. [8,9] However, CCS requires high costs and may cause leakage of carbon because the captured carbon is usually sequestrated in saline aquifers, coal seams, depleted reservoirs, etc. [10-12] Therefore, carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS) has been acknowledged as a promising technology to achieve efficient reduction of carbon and also generate economic benefits, which is more practical and economical. [13] CO 2 is an important material for industry and has been applied in many fields, as shown in Figure 3. [14,15] In the food industry, CO 2 is used in the production of carbonized beverages, food preservation, and industrial processing as a refrigerant and protective gas. It can also be applied to synthesize chemicals, drugs, polymers, such as degradable plastics, etc. High-purity