Precise determination of photon emission probabilities for the main X- and γ-rays of 226Ra in equilibrium with daughters

Morel, Jean‐Michel; Sepman, S.V.; Ras’ko, M. A.; Terechtchenko, E.; Delgado, José Ubiratan

doi:10.1016/j.apradiso.2003.11.038

Cited by 16 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…It can be seen that in most cases there is no significant difference in dose rate conversion parameters between the different libraries and literature values. For the uranium series, the use of the Morel et al (2004) [38] 214 Bi data in the ENSDF and DDEP evaluations slightly increases the beta conversion parameter, and decreases the gamma conversion parameter, to values consistent with the recent literature values (which used the ENSDF library). For the Th series, the larger gamma decay energy for 228 Ac used by the JEF2.2/JEFF3.11 evaluators is evident.…”

Section: Decay Series/elementsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…Since this radionuclide is a branch with ∼ 0.15% of the decays these variations are not significant for most applications. [28] 1983 [36] 1983 [37] 1991 [31] 2004 [38] Value ( At decays to 214 Bi, though neither the ENSDF or the DDEP evaluations give recommended spins and parities to the 214 Bi states populated. Neither do they list any of the transitions within the daughter from the 103 keV (∼ 6.4%) or 63.7 keV (∼ 90%) levels.…”

Section: M Pa and 234 Pamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lin and Harbottle 1991 [31] used radium solution dispensed to filter paper sealed in a lucite disc and sealed for 6 weeks, checked for radon leakage and calibrated relative to a certified NBS radium source. Morel et al 2004 [38] used two sources prepared by the D.I. Mendeleyev Institute for Metrology (VNIIM), with the source material sandwiched between two thin stainless steel sheets, which were characterised to activity uncertainties of 0.2%.…”

Section: Bimentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review of nuclear data for naturally occurring radionuclides applied to environmental applications

2019

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Accurate nuclear data, commonly using evaluated libraries, is essential in many applications, allowing confidence in derived parameters. An approach to assess the confidence with which these data can be used is proposed, not previously reported, comparing nuclear data presented by different evaluations. Variations between evaluations are used as an indication of potential inaccuracies in the nuclear data or evaluation procedure, and the relevant primary literature reviewed more fully. Applying this approach to naturally occurring radionuclides has identified eight radionuclides where the evaluations differ significantly. Where recommended data are supported by a single set of high precision measurements, independent verification of those measurements will increase confidence in the accuracy of the data (214 Bi and 214 Pb). Further measurements should be conducted where the decay schemes are incomplete (228 Ac and 228 Ra). For 40 K, the mean beta energy in all the evaluations has been calculated using an incorrect shape factor, and log ft and branching ratios have been calculated using an inappropriate program. Precise measurements of beta spectra will allow the use of experimentally derived shape factors for the calculation of mean beta energies (40 K and 210 Bi). Parameters used for infinite matrix dose rate and geothermal heat production calculations have been derived for the data discussed here.

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Section: Decay Series/elementsupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: M Pa and 234 Pamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Bimentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review of nuclear data for naturally occurring radionuclides applied to environmental applications

2019

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“…Larsen and Cutshall (1981) found that for a 250 g sediment sample, differences in attenuation of the 7 Be gamma between a calibrating solution and sediment matrix were negligible, so we make no attenuation correction for our liquid-derived detection efficiency. We summed the counts in the five-channel 7 Be region of interest spanning 476.5-478.5 keV and used a best line-of-fit model background based on neighbouring channels which avoided the documented 480 keV decay emission of 214 Pb (Morel et al, 2004;Landis et al, 2012). Masses of 125-175 g (<2 mm) were typically counted for 24-48 h. Other U-series radionuclide ( 210 Pb, 226 Ra) and Th-series ( 228 Ac) activities were determined using standard techniques (Cutshall et al, 1983;Murray et al, 1987).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal controls on meteoric⁷Be in coarse-grained river channels

et al. 2013

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Cosmogenic 7Be is a natural tracer of short‐term hydrological processes, but its distribution in upland fluvial environments over different temporal and spatial scales has not been well described. We measured 7Be in 450 sediment samples collected from perennial channels draining the middle of the Connecticut River Basin, an environment that is predominantly well‐sorted sand. By sampling tributaries that have natural and managed fluctuations in discharge, we find that the 7Be activity in thalweg sediments is not necessarily limited by the supply of new or fine‐grained sediment, but is controlled seasonally by atmospheric flux variations and the magnitude and frequency of bed mobilizing events. In late winter, 7Be concentrations in transitional bedload are lowest, typically 1 to 3 Bq kg−1 as 7Be is lost from watersheds via radioactive decay in the snowpack. In mid‐summer, however, 7Be concentrations are at least twice as high because of increased convective storm activity which delivers high 7Be fluxes directly to the fluvial system. A mixed layer of sediment at least 8 cm thick is maintained for months in channels during persistent low rainfall and flow conditions, indicating that stationary sediments can be recharged with 7Be. However, bed mobilizing rain on snowmelt events in late Spring can ‘reset’ 7Be amounts and concentrations in the channel as previously buried ‘old’ sediment with low 7Be is mixed into the thalweg. We conclude that given proper temporal and spatial sampling, 7Be is a valuable tracer of seasonal‐timescale mass transport and exchange in coarse‐grained fluvial systems. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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“…The recommended values for the relative gamma-ray emission intensities are the weighted means of the data sets found in the literature dating from 1969 to 2004 [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18], calculated using the LWEIGHT computer code [19]. When necessary the uncertainties quoted by the authors were increased to achieve The transition probabilities for all gamma-rays were calculated using the absolute gamma-ray emission intensities and the relevant internal conversion coefficients (ICCs).…”

Section: Emission and Transition Probabilities Of The Major Gamma-raysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of decay data of radium-226 and its daughters

Chisté

Bé

Dulieu

2007

Nd2007

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Precise determination of photon emission probabilities for the main X- and γ-rays of 226Ra in equilibrium with daughters

Cited by 16 publications

References 10 publications

Review of nuclear data for naturally occurring radionuclides applied to environmental applications

Review of nuclear data for naturally occurring radionuclides applied to environmental applications

Seasonal controls on meteoric⁷Be in coarse-grained river channels

Evaluation of decay data of radium-226 and its daughters

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Precise determination of photon emission probabilities for the main X- and γ-rays of 226Ra in equilibrium with daughters

Cited by 16 publications

References 10 publications

Review of nuclear data for naturally occurring radionuclides applied to environmental applications

Review of nuclear data for naturally occurring radionuclides applied to environmental applications

Seasonal controls on meteoric7Be in coarse-grained river channels

Evaluation of decay data of radium-226 and its daughters

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Seasonal controls on meteoric⁷Be in coarse-grained river channels