Precise and Accurate Measurements of Strong-Field Photoionization and a Transferable Laser Intensity Calibration Standard

Wallace, William; Ghafur, O.; Khurmi, Champak; U, Satya Sainadh; Calvert, James; Laban, Dane Edward; Pullen, Michael G.; Bartschat, Klaus; Grum–Grzhimailo, A. N.; Wells, D.; Quiney, Harry M.; Tong, Xiao-Min; Litvinyuk, Igor; Sang, R. T.; Kielpinski, David

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.117.053001

Cited by 23 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Atomic hydrogen (H), the simplest atomic system with a single electron, can be 'exactly' (subject only to numerical limitations) modelled using numerical solutions of the three-dimensional timedependent Schrödinger equation (3D-TDSE) with measured experimental parameters. Hence it acts as a convenient benchmark for both accurate experimental measurements and calculations [13][14][15] . Here we report the first attoclock experiment performed on H using a 'Reaction Microscope' 16 (REMI) and 770 nm, 6 fs pulses (FWHM) with peak intensities of 1.65 -3.9 ×10 14 W/cm 2 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Attosecond angular streaking and tunnelling time in atomic hydrogen

Sainadh

Wang

et al. 2019

Nature

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220

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Tunnelling is one of the key features of quantum mechanics. A related debate, ongoing since the inception of quantum theory, is about the value, meaning and interpretation of 'tunnelling time' 1-5 . Simply put, the question is whether a tunnelling quantum particle spends a finite and measurable time under a potential barrier. Until recently the debate was purely theoretical, with the process considered to be instantaneous for all practical purposes. This changed with the development of ultrafast lasers and attosecond metrology 6 , which gave physicists experimental access to the attosecond (1 as = 10 -18 s) domain. It is at this time scale

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confidence: 99%

Attosecond angular streaking and tunnelling time in atomic hydrogen

Sainadh

Wang

et al. 2019

Nature

250

220

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“…In those experiments, ionization byproducts (electrons and ions) are directly captured long after the ionizing pulse has passed through the interaction volume, approximately the beam waist region [12, 13], and ionization yields are scaled and compared to space and time integrations of ionization rate models. Those experiments were not intended to address the absolute nonlinear polarizability of atoms and molecules in intense fields.…”

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confidence: 99%

Bound-Electron Nonlinearity Beyond the Ionization Threshold

et al. 2018

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We present absolute space- and time-resolved measurements of the ultrafast laser-driven nonlinear polarizability in argon, krypton, xenon, nitrogen, and oxygen up to ionization fractions of a few percent. These measurements enable determination of the strongly non-perturbative bound electron nonlinear polarizability well beyond the ionization threshold, where it is found to remain approximately quadratic in the laser field, a result normally expected at much lower intensities where perturbation theory applies.

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“…The apparatus used for the latest AASF atomic H experiments consists of a few-cycle laser beam focused into a beam of atomic H. Charged particles arising from the lasermatter interaction are detected using a charged particle detection system. For brevity, a brief description of the experimental design follows; further details can be found in [9,23,10] Figure 4: The percentage reduction in the peak electric field ∆E peak as the carrierenvelope phase of a few-cycle laser pulse is shifted by π/2. The central wavelength λ 0 of the pulse is 800 nm, corresponding to a period T 0 of 2.67 fs.…”

Section: Experimental Apparatusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(b) Percentage difference of experimental H + yield data and both ADK theories from the 3D-TDSE simulations. Copyright (2016) by the American Physical Society [9].…”

Section: Photoion Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Precise calibration of few-cycle laser pulses with atomic hydrogen

Wallace¹,

Kielpinski²,

Litvinyuk³

et al. 2017

J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys.

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Interaction of atoms and molecules with strong electric fields is a fundamental process in many fields of research, particularly in the emerging field of attosecond science. Therefore, understanding the physics underpinning those interactions is of significant interest to the scientific community. One crucial step in this understanding is accurate knowledge of the few-cycle laser field driving the process. Atomic hydrogen (H), the simplest of all atomic species, plays a key role in benchmarking strong-field processes. Its widespread use as a testbed for theoretical calculations allows the comparison of approximate theoretical models against nearlyperfect numerical solutions of the three-dimensional (3D) time-dependent Schrödinger equation (TDSE). Until recently, relatively little experimental data in atomic H was available for comparison to these models, and was due mostly to the difficulty in the construction and use of atomic H sources. Here, we review our most recent experimental results from atomic H interaction with few-cycle laser pulses and how they have been used to calibrate important laser pulse parameters such as peak intensity and the carrier-envelope phase (CEP). Quantitative agreement between experimental data and theoretical predictions for atomic H has been obtained at the 10% uncertainty level, allowing for accurate laser calibration intensity at the 1% level. Using this calibration in atomic H, both accurate CEP data and an intensity calibration standard have been obtained Ar, Kr, and Xe; such gases are in common use for strong-field experiments. This calibration standard can be used by any laboratory using few-cycle pulses in the 10 14 W/cm 2 intensity regime centered at 800 nm wavelength to accurately calibrate their peak laser intensity to within few-percent precision.

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Precise and Accurate Measurements of Strong-Field Photoionization and a Transferable Laser Intensity Calibration Standard

Cited by 23 publications

References 27 publications

Attosecond angular streaking and tunnelling time in atomic hydrogen

Attosecond angular streaking and tunnelling time in atomic hydrogen

Bound-Electron Nonlinearity Beyond the Ionization Threshold

Precise calibration of few-cycle laser pulses with atomic hydrogen

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