Précis of Attention and Meaning: The Attentional Basis of Meaning

Marchetti, Giorgio; Benedetti, Giulio

doi:10.1163/23526416-00301005

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…In our study, participants had to decide which aspects of the ambiguous message were relevant for their decision; different perceived communication sources as well as strategy preferences shifted their focus of attention in various ways. Since language is a powerful way of representing attentional focus (Marchetti et al 2015;Talmy 2007), linguistic patterns in retrospective reports allowed us to trace attention shifts in ways related to the participants' behavioral results, even when those shifts were not consciously revealed or readily identified in discourse.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, a landmark-based navigation heuristic will guide attention away from other spatial information and center primarily on landmarks, just as a region-based strategy will mean that humans pay particular attention to existing regions in the environment (Wiener et al 2004). Such attentional biases are regularly represented in language (Marchetti et al 2015). For instance, Talmy (2007) summarized many ways in which linguistic features reflect cognitive attention processes, such as foregrounding particular aspects in sentence structure, lexical complexity (compare One of my parents' sisters to One of my aunts), and the relative salience of Figures and Grounds (compare The bike is next to the house to The house is next to the bike).…”

Section: Cognitive Focus and Verbalization Of Thoughtmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cognitive focus affects spatial decisions under conditions of uncertainty

et al. 2020

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Finding one's way to a destination is a common, everyday task that often relies on spatial information provided by humans and/or automatic devices. However, the information can be inaccurate. How we decide which route to take will depend on our thoughts about the available route information, including who or what provided it, and how these sources may be associated with differential accuracy and fallibility. In three experiments (previously reported in Brunyé et al. (Q J Exper Psychol 68(3):585-607, 2015)), we found that when route directions conflicted with the perceived environment, people trusted the landmark information other humans provided, but relied on the turn direction information from an automatic device. But what guides these behavioral results? Here we present a systematic linguistic analysis of retrospective reports that sheds some light on how information about the direction source affects cognitive focus. A focus on direction sources in the instruction triggered a cognitive focus on the direction source throughout. Participants who systematically switched strategies focused more on features of the scenario than those who did not. Non-switching strategies were associated with a higher focus on the participants' own reasoning processes, in particular when relying on turn information. These results highlight how cognitive focus is guided by scenario factors and individual preferences, triggering inferences that influence decisions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cognitive Focus and Verbalization Of Thoughtmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive focus affects spatial decisions under conditions of uncertainty

et al. 2020

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“…This paper offers a comprehensive methodology of ludic stylistics study grounded in the cognitive theory of attention distribution in language and text [10][11][12]. The research identifies and discusses verbal manifestations of various ludic effects brought about by the unconventional usage of linguistic units in the source and target texts in terms of the "nodal points" technique [3].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ludic effects in fiction: A case study of J.M. Coetzee’s Disgrace and its Russian and Ukrainian translations

Izotova

2021

SHS Web Conf.

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This article discusses translation strategies involved in reproducing ludic effects in Russian and Ukrainian translations of Coetzee’s novel Disgrace. Ludic effects, embedded in the text, outline the potential result(s) of literary gaming. Created in different games, a number of ludic effects trigger ludic stylistics – a new heuristic area of linguistic “ludology”. The paper defines ludic stylistics as an artistic phenomenon manifested in literary text due to unconventional combinations of various linguistic means. In Coetzee’s Disgrace, ludic stylistics is the result of psychonarrative games aimed to transform plot-driven narratives into experience-centred. Psychonarrative games are governed by two principles – “external via internal” and semantic intrusiveness through semantic, plot-building, and compositional games represented at the macro- and microlevels of literary text. The study focuses on sematic games which enable construing new, emergent textual senses which bring the personage’s / narrator’s unceasing, obsessive experience of traumatic events to the fore. The paper looks at the translation strategies of rendering ludic effects in the translations of Coetzee’s Disgrace from two perspectives – intentional and receptive. The reproduction of such effects in Russian and Ukrainian translations of Disgrace is grounded in lexico-semantic, syntactic, associative-figurative, and functional equivalence, as well as respective loss, and gain.

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“…7, cluster 5). The resulting capacity of selectively attending to specific stimuli entails the formation of complex mental representations 122,123 . Importantly, previously established executive control over complex motor systems enables the communication of these internal concepts in signed 124 or vocalised form 125 , which has important evolutionary advantages 126 and leads to a complexification of social behaviour via the establishment of primordial forms of language 125,127,128 .…”

Section: Regional Cortical Expansion Reflects Sensory Segregation And...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of cortical geometry and its link to function, behaviour and ecology

et al. 2023

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Studies in comparative neuroanatomy and of the fossil record demonstrate the influence of socio-ecological niches on the morphology of the cerebral cortex, but have led to oftentimes conflicting theories about its evolution. Here, we study the relationship between the shape of the cerebral cortex and the topography of its function. We establish a joint geometric representation of the cerebral cortices of ninety species of extant Euarchontoglires, including commonly used experimental model organisms. We show that variability in surface geometry relates to species’ ecology and behaviour, independent of overall brain size. Notably, ancestral shape reconstruction of the cortical surface and its change during evolution enables us to trace the evolutionary history of localised cortical expansions, modal segregation of brain function, and their association to behaviour and cognition. We find that individual cortical regions follow different sequences of area increase during evolutionary adaptations to dynamic socio-ecological niches. Anatomical correlates of this sequence of events are still observable in extant species, and relate to their current behaviour and ecology. We decompose the deep evolutionary history of the shape of the human cortical surface into spatially and temporally conscribed components with highly interpretable functional associations, highlighting the importance of considering the evolutionary history of cortical regions when studying their anatomy and function.

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Précis of Attention and Meaning: The Attentional Basis of Meaning

Cited by 6 publications

References 4 publications

Cognitive focus affects spatial decisions under conditions of uncertainty

Cognitive focus affects spatial decisions under conditions of uncertainty

Ludic effects in fiction: A case study of J.M. Coetzee’s Disgrace and its Russian and Ukrainian translations

Evolution of cortical geometry and its link to function, behaviour and ecology

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