Precipitous decline of white-lipped peccary populations in Mesoamerica

Thornton, Daniel H.; Reyna, Rafael; Perera‐Romero, Lucy; Radachowsky, Jeremy; Hidalgo‐Mihart, Mircea G.; Garcia, R.; Mcloughlin, Lee; Foster, Rebecca J.; Harmsen, Bart J.; Moreira-Ramírez, José Fernando; Diaz-Santos, Fabricio; Jordan, Christopher; Salom-Pérez, Roberto; Meyer, Ninon; Castañeda, Franklin; Valle, Fausto Antonio Elvir; Santizo, Gabriela Ponce; Amit, Ronit; Arroyo-Arce, Stephanny; Thomson, Ian; Moreno, Ricardo; Schank, Cody; Arroyo‐Gerala, Paulina; Bárcenas, Horacio V.; Brenes-Mora, Esteben; Calderón, Ana Patricia; Cove, Michael V.; Gómez-Hoyos, Diego A.; González‐Maya, José F.; Guy, Danny; Jiménez, Gerobuam Hernández; Hofman, Maarten; Kays, Roland; King, Travis W.; Menjivar, Marcio A. Martínez; Maza, Javier de la; León-Pérez, Rodrigo; Ramos, V. H. Vargas; Rivero, Marina; Romo-Asunción, Sergio; Juárez-López, Rugieri; Cruz, Alejandro Jesús-de la; Torre, J. Antonio de la; Towns, Valeria; Schipper, Jan; Reyes, Hector; Artavia, Adolfo; Hernández-Pérez, Edwin L.; Martínez, Wilber; Urquhart, Gerald R.; Quigley, Howard; Pardo, Lain E.; Sáenz, Joel C.; Sanchez, Khiavett; Polisar, John

doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2020.108410

Cited by 18 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…The white-lipped peccary is considered a key frugivore species in Neotropical forests, affecting forest diversity, structure and function (Beck, 2006;Villar et al 2020Villar et al , 2021, and it is considered vulnerable across its distribution range (Keuroghlian et al 2013). In the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, a highly fragmented global biodiversity hotspot (Ribeiro et al 2009), the conservation status of the whitelipped peccary has deteriorated during the last decades, currently categorized as Critically Endangered (Keuroghlian et al 2012), similar to other regions where the species occur, like Mesoamerica, with reduced and isolated populations (Thornton et al 2020). Paradoxically, in the Atlantic Forest, some of the remaining populations of this large-sized frugivore persist in small forest fragments embedded within a matrix of intensive agricultural landscapes (Jorge et al 2013), yet apparently, do not resort to crops (C 4 plants) as a main food source (Bradham et al 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2012), similar to other regions where the species occur, like Mesoamerica, with reduced and isolated populations (Thornton et al . 2020). Paradoxically, in the Atlantic Forest, some of the remaining populations of this large‐sized frugivore persist in small forest fragments embedded within a matrix of intensive agricultural landscapes (Jorge et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dietary expansion facilitates the persistence of a large frugivore in fragmented tropical forests

Magioli

Villar

Jorge

et al. 2021

Animal Conservation

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How species persist in fragmented habitats is essential to understanding species resilience in response to increasing anthropogenic pressures. It has been suggested that expansion in dietary niche allows populations to persist in human-modified landscapes, yet this hypothesis has been poorly tested in highly diverse ecosystems such as tropical forests where frugivory is ubiquitous. Here, we measured dietary niche expansion of a large forest-dwelling mammal, the white-lipped peccary (Tayassu pecari), in the Atlantic Forest, Brazil, by comparing its diet using stable carbon (δ 13 C) and nitrogen (δ 15 N) isotopes. We collected hair of white-lipped peccaries in three continuous and three fragmented forests and compared δ 13 C and δ 15 N values, resource use and isotopic niches among populations and between forest types. We also tested the relationship between isotopic values of the populations and the forest cover percentage. White-lipped peccaries fed mainly on forest sources (C 3 resources), especially in continuous forests, but 28% of the individuals in fragmented sites also incorporated C 4 resources to some extent. In fragmented forests, the populations had isotopic niches from 3-to 3.6-fold the size of those in continuous forests. This niche expansion was due to the consumption of food items with higher δ 15 N values and C 4 crops. Differences among populations were larger among fragmented forests, suggesting variable site-specific strategies to cope with habitat loss. The mean isotopic values of white-lipped peccary populations were negatively correlated with the loss of forest cover. Some small forest fragments might still retain relatively high habitat quality, and white-lipped peccaries might be able to capitalize on such variety of resources, shifting their diets from those observed in continuous forests. We suggest that high dietary flexibility and dietary expansion toward consumption of non-forest resources might facilitate the persistence of large frugivores in fragmented habitats.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary expansion facilitates the persistence of a large frugivore in fragmented tropical forests

Magioli

Villar

Jorge

et al. 2021

Animal Conservation

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“…Décadas de estudios han demostrado que la detectabilidad imperfecta de especies es una característica inherente del muestreo con CT y por lo tanto un proceso que no debe ser ignorado en estudios ecológicos (MacKenzie et al 2002;Burton et al 2015;Guillera-Arroita 2017). En ese sentido, el uso de junto CT con modelos de ocupación se ha convertido en un campo promisorio con avances significativos en la ecología y manejo de mamíferos (Tobler et al 2015;Semper-Pascual et al 2019;Thornton et al 2020;Semper-Pascual et al 2020). Sin embargo, el avance y la capacidad de generar resultados válidos o aplicables, no solo depende del conocimiento básico de los conceptos, supuestos o elementos del modelo.…”

Section: Conclusionesunclassified

Modelos de ocupación para datos de cámaras trampa

Andrade-Ponce

Cepeda-Duque

Mandujano

et al. 2021

MaNo

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El uso de las cámaras trampa (CT) en la investigación de fauna silvestre puede generar conclusiones sesgadas cuando la detectabilidad imperfecta de especies no es considerada. Herramientas analíticas como los modelos de ocupación permiten estimar simultáneamente parámetros ecológicos corregidos por la probabilidad de detección. Sin embargo, es necesario implementar e interpretar de manera correcta los parámetros estimados por estos modelos para obtener inferencias con sentido biológico. Este trabajo presenta un marco conceptual base para diseñar de manera apropiada un análisis de ocupación por medio de datos de CT. Se discuten y se señalan recomendaciones generales para la definición de los elementos del modelo, el diseño del muestreo, así como estrategias de modelamiento estadísticos apropiadas dependiendo de los objetivos del estudio, las características de la especie y el tipo de datos obtenidos. Las decisiones tomadas por el investigador para definir cada uno de los componentes del modelo deben considerar la escala adecuada para que el fenómeno de estudio tenga sentido biológico. De esta manera, es posible generar inferencias y conclusiones robustas a partir de información de CT, lo que permite avanzar en el entendimiento de los mecanismos que subyacen a la ecología espacial de fauna silvestre y por lo tanto en su conservación.

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“…Through seed dispersal (Keuroghlian & Eaton, 2009), seed and seedling predation (Beck, 2006; Keuroghlian & Eaton, 2009; Silman, Terborgh, & Kiltie, 2003), soil and vegetation uprooting (Beck, Thebpanya, & Filiaggi, 2010; Keuroghlian & Eaton, 2009), and nutrient deposition, they disperse seeds and transport nutrients, and affect the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of the soil and forest understory (Barnes, 2018; Beck, Snodgrass, & Thebpanya, 2013; Villar et al., 2020). WLPs are highly sensitive to habitat loss and hunting, and as a result have become regionally extinct from much of their historical range (Altrichter et al., 2012; Thornton et al., 2020), resulting in them currently listed as “Vulnerable” by the IUCN Red List (Keuroghlian et al., 2013). Yet, in some agricultural regions, where pastures and soybean/corn plantations are rapidly replacing forest, WLPs seem to be in relatively high abundances (Lima et al., 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Permeability of Neotropical agricultural lands to a key native ungulate—Are well‐connected forests important?

Jorge

Bradham

Keuroghlian³

et al. 2020

Biotropica

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Much of what remains of the Earth's tropical forests is embedded within agricultural landscapes, where forest is reduced and fragmented. As native forest ungulates are critical to maintaining forest function, it is imperative to understand how this functional group responds to declines in forest cover and connectivity resulting from agricultural expansion. We addressed this issue by evaluating selection of forest cover and forest connectivity by a key native ungulate of Neotropical forests, the white‐lipped peccary (Tayassu pecari Link 1795, Tayassuidae, Cetartiodactyla), in agricultural landscapes of Brazil. We evaluated selection using compositional analysis at two hierarchical levels, landscape, and home range. From 2013 to 2019, we GPS‐tracked eight white‐lipped peccary herds in Southwest Brazil, resulting in a total of 14,460 GPS locations. We found that herds can live in landscapes with a wide range of forest cover (35%–81% of home ranges covered by native forest), with significant, but not strong, selection at the landscape level (p = .045). Nevertheless, herds strongly select for forest cover within their home ranges (81%–97% of locations within native forest; highly significant selection at the home‐range level: p = .008). As for connectivity, herds significantly select the largest, most connected forest fragments at the landscape level (p = .04), but not at the home‐range level (p = .07). Our results support that Neotropical forests within agricultural landscapes need to be well connected in order to preserve this key native ungulate and maintain long‐term forest function. Abstract in Portuguese is available with online material.

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Precipitous decline of white-lipped peccary populations in Mesoamerica

Cited by 18 publications

References 58 publications

Dietary expansion facilitates the persistence of a large frugivore in fragmented tropical forests

Dietary expansion facilitates the persistence of a large frugivore in fragmented tropical forests

Modelos de ocupación para datos de cámaras trampa

Permeability of Neotropical agricultural lands to a key native ungulate—Are well‐connected forests important?

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