Precipitation sealing and diagenesis: 1. Experimental results

Tenthorey, Eric; Scholz, Christopher H.; Aharonov, Einat; Léger, Albert

doi:10.1029/98jb02229

Cited by 78 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…In these experiments a temperature-dependent increase in peak strength after the "hold" periods was observed. Similar observations were made on quartzo-feldspathic gouge [Olsen et al, 1998;Tenthorey et al, 1998], but in these experiments, healing was infErred to be due to cementation by a newly …”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 60%

Slip behavior of simulated gouge‐bearing faults under conditions favoring pressure solution

Bos¹,

Peach²,

Spiers³

2000

J. Geophys. Res.

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Abstract. Geophysical observations as well as deformation experiments indicate that under hydrothermal conditions, crustal faults can be significantly weakened with respect to conventional brittle-plastic strength envelopes. Pressure solution has long been proposed as a mechanism leading to fault weakness. However, pressure solution has also been proposed as contributing to interseismic fault healing, and the competition between the weakening and healing effects of pressure solution is unclear. To investigate this issue, we have conducted rotary shear experiments on synthetic faults containing granular halite (NaC1) gouge using NaCl-saturated mixtures of water and methanol as pore fluid. The NaCl-water-methanol system was chosen as a rock analogue because pressure solution is known to be important in this system at ambient conditions. We explored the influence of varying pore fluid composition (hence pressure solution rate), gouge grain size, and wall rock surface roughness, as well as normal stress and sliding velocity on slip behavior. All experiments were done under drained conditions. An acoustic emission detection system allowed detection of brittle events in the gouge. The results show no evidence for steady state pressure solution-controlled fault slip. Frictional, rate-insensitive behavior was observed, whereas the microstructures and compaction behavior clearly demonstrated that pressure solution was active in the gouge. Our data show that fluid-assisted healing effects dominated over weakening, caus'ing fault strength to be controlled mainly by brittle-frictional processes. Existing models describing pressure solution-controlled fault creep may not be applicable to a porous gouge undergoing compaction as well as slip.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 60%

Slip behavior of simulated gouge‐bearing faults under conditions favoring pressure solution

Bos¹,

Peach²,

Spiers³

2000

J. Geophys. Res.

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“…Authigenic secondary minerals such as smectite have been observed to form following the breakdown of quartz and feldspar during laboratory shear experiments (Tenthorey et al 1998). During seismic slip, ultrafine particles of amorphous material may be produced by comminution, granulation, and mineral lattice distortion (Yund et al 1990;Hirono et al 2014b).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During seismic slip, ultrafine particles of amorphous material may be produced by comminution, granulation, and mineral lattice distortion (Yund et al 1990;Hirono et al 2014b). Amorphous particles are much more easily dissolved than crystalline grains of equivalent size (Icenhower and Dove 2000), promoting the formation of secondary minerals such as clays by precipitation from fluids in the fault (e.g., Tenthorey et al 1998;Solum et al 2005). However, in the Atera fault, no evidence that such amorphous material existed was observed, so this process is in general likely but could not be confirmed in the Atera fault.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heterogeneity in friction strength of an active fault by incorporation of fragments of the surrounding host rock

Kato

Hirono

2016

Earth Planet Sp

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To understand the correlation between the mesoscale structure and the frictional strength of an active fault, we performed a field investigation of the Atera fault at Tase, central Japan, and made laboratory-based determinations of its mineral assemblages and friction coefficients. The fault zone contains a light gray fault gouge, a brown fault gouge, and a black fault breccia. Samples of the two gouges contained large amounts of clay minerals such as smectite and had low friction coefficients of approximately 0.2-0.4 under the condition of 0.01 m s −1 slip velocity and 0.5-2.5 MP confining pressure, whereas the breccia contained large amounts of angular quartz and feldspar and had a friction coefficient of 0.7 under the same condition. Because the fault breccia closely resembles the granitic rock of the hangingwall in composition, texture, and friction coefficient, we interpret the breccia as having originated from this protolith. If the mechanical incorporation of wall rocks of high friction coefficient into fault zones is widespread at the mesoscale, it causes the heterogeneity in friction strength of fault zones and might contribute to the evolution of fault-zone architectures.

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“…Apparent from these experimental data are the competing roles of processes that increase pore or flaw connectivity (NGWENYA et al, 2003), including dilatant shear (ZHANG et al, 1998;ZHANG et al, 1999), microcracking, thermal cracking and focused dissolution (MOK et al, 2002;COLON et al, 2004), and those that destroy or counteract the evolution of pore interconnectivity TENTHOREY et al, 1998;MAIN et al, 2000), including shear (ZHU and WONG, 1997) and hydrostatic compaction, fracture healing, dislocation creep, and pressure solution (BOS et al, 2000) prompted by water-film and free-face diffusion (YASUHARA et al, 2004). The sense of permeability change is controlled by the dominant suite of processes; this is in turn largely controlled by the evolving conditions of effective stress, and temperature in the sample, and species concentrations within the effusing fluid.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short-Timescale Chemo-Mechanical Effects and their Influence on the Transport Properties of Fractured Rock

Elsworth¹,

Yusuhara²

Pageoph Topical Volumes

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Abstract-Anomalous changes in permeability are reported in fractures circulated by fluids undersaturated with respect to the mineral host. Under net dissolution and net removal of mineral mass, fractures may alternately gape or seal, depending on the prevailing mechanical and chemical conditions. The influence on transport properties is observed to be large, rapid, and irreversible: Permeabilities may change by two orders of magnitude in a month, and the direction of permeability change may switch spontaneously, for no apparent change in environmental forcing. These behaviors are apparent in continuous circulation experiments conducted on fractures in novaculite and limestone, intermittently imaged by X-ray CT. In novaculite, permeability reduces by two orders of magnitude as silica is net removed from the sample. Surprisingly, these changes can occur at modest temperatures ($80°C) and stresses ($3.5 MPa), where compaction progresses as temperatures are incremented. Isothermal ($20°C) circulation tests in limestone show similar compaction driven by pressure solution. Where circulation remains undersaturated in Ca, the change in permeability spontaneously switches from net reduction to net increase as a wormhole forms. The surprising magnitude and rapidity of these changes are investigated in the context of the competition between stress-and chemistry-mediated effects.

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Precipitation sealing and diagenesis: 1. Experimental results

Cited by 78 publications

References 47 publications

Slip behavior of simulated gouge‐bearing faults under conditions favoring pressure solution

Slip behavior of simulated gouge‐bearing faults under conditions favoring pressure solution

Heterogeneity in friction strength of an active fault by incorporation of fragments of the surrounding host rock

Short-Timescale Chemo-Mechanical Effects and their Influence on the Transport Properties of Fractured Rock

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