Precipitation over Greenland Retrieved by a Dynamic Method and Its Relation to Cyclonic Activity*

Chen, Qiushi; Bromwich, David H.; Bai, Long

doi:10.1175/1520-0442(1997)010<0839:pogrba>2.0.co;2

Cited by 123 publications

(130 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The sea ice cover is generally most extensive in spring and could lead to a time lag in temperature minimum in some coast areas (Scorer, 1988). The annual mean air temperature over the GrIS ranges from −30.5 to −3.5 • C. The lowest temperatures are found north of the highest elevations of the GrIS, which is in agreement with the findings of Chen et al (1997) and Cassano et al (2001). The climate at the eastern side of Greenland is colder compared to the western side at the same altitude and latitude.…”

Section: Near-surface Windsupporting

confidence: 87%

Climate of the Greenland ice sheet using a high-resolution climate model – Part 2: Near-surface climate and energy balance

et al. 2010

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Abstract. The spatial variability of near-surface variables and surface energy balance components over the Greenland ice sheet are presented, using the output of a regional atmospheric climate model for the period 1958-2008. The model was evaluated in Part 1 of this paper.The near-surface temperature over the ice sheet is affected by surface elevation, latitude, longitude, large-scale and small-scale advection, occurrence of summer melt and mesoscale topographical features. The atmospheric boundary layer is characterised by a strong temperature inversion, due to continuous longwave cooling of the surface. In combination with a gently sloping surface the radiative loss maintains a persistent katabatic wind. This radiative heat loss is mainly balanced by turbulent sensible heat transport towards the surface. In summer, the surface is near radiative balance, resulting in lower wind speeds. Absorption of shortwave radiation and a positive subsurface heat flux due to refreezing melt water are heat sources for surface sublimation and melt.The strongest temperature deficits (>13 • C) are found on the northeastern slopes, where the strongest katabatic winds (>9 m s −1 ) and lowest relative humidity (<65%) occur. Due to strong large scale winds, clear sky (cloud cover <0.5) and a concave surface, a continuous supply of cold dry air is generated, which enhances the katabatic forcing and suppresses subsidence of potentially warmer free atmosphere air.Correspondence to: M. R. van den Broeke (m.r.vandenbroeke@uu.nl)

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Section: Near-surface Windsupporting

confidence: 87%

Climate of the Greenland ice sheet using a high-resolution climate model – Part 2: Near-surface climate and energy balance

et al. 2010

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“…Compared to 1998, 1990 southwest coast, but colder in the interior. Regional variability is usually largely explained by circulation variability (Chen et al 1997). HIRHAM annual precipitation maps closely resemble those in Ohmura et al (1999) and Bromwich et al (2001b; Fig.…”

Section: H Model Results In Context Of Greenland Ice Sheet Mass Balancementioning

confidence: 98%

Evaluation of Greenland Ice Sheet Surface Climate in the HIRHAM Regional Climate Model Using Automatic Weather Station Data

Box

Rinke

2003

Journal of Climate

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The 1998 annual cycle and 1991-98 summer simulations of Greenland ice sheet surface climate are made with the 0.5Њ-horizontal resolution HIRHAM regional climate model of the Arctic. The model output is compared with meteorological and energy balance observations from 15 Greenland Climate Network automatic weather stations. The model reproduces the monthly average surface climate parameters, to a large extent within model and observational uncertainty. However, certain systematic model biases were identified, caused in particular by inaccurate GTOPO30 elevation data over Greenland, 180 m lower on average, with errors as large as Ϫ840 m over 50-km grid cells. The resulting warm biases enhance a negative albedo bias, which in turn leads to positive net shortwave radiation biases. Surface sensible and latent heat fluxes are overestimated, apparently due to model warm bias and 100% greater than observed wind speeds. Interannual variability in temperature and albedo are smaller in the model than in the observations, while the opposite is evident for incoming shortwave radiation and wind speed. Annual maps and total mass fluxes of precipitation and evaporation are compared with results from other studies. Based on the results of a multiparameter comparison, solid recommendations for improved regional models of ice sheet climate are made.

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“…The precipitation rate along the Greenland coast south of 67°N is much higher than that in the adjacent areas (Ohmura & Reeh 1991, Chen et al 1997, Bromwich et al 1999. A comparison of the annual cycle of precipitation off the Greenland coast and other regions is presented in Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Regional differences in the timing of the spring bloom in the Labrador Sea

Wu¹,

Platt²,

Tang³

et al. 2008

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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The environmental factors that control the timing of the spring bloom in the Labrador Sea were investigated using ocean color data from satellites, historical oceanographic data and a primary production model. From the satellite data, the onset of the spring bloom was found to progress with the season from south to north, with the exception of the northern Labrador Sea. The onset for the northern Labrador Sea occurred at approximately the same time as in the southern Labrador Sea. Two possible factors for the regional differences were examined from the data: irradiance and mixedlayer depth (MLD). The early bloom in the northern Labrador Sea is related to the very shallow mixed layer associated with low-salinity water. The temporal variations of the mean chlorophyll concentration in 4 regions of the Labrador Sea (the Grand Banks, southern, central and northern Labrador Sea) during the growth phase of the spring bloom were modeled using a primary production model with MLD derived from historical temperature-salinity data. The temporal variations, in particular the early bloom in the northern Labrador Sea, were well reproduced by the model. A model sensitivity study showed that the onset of the spring bloom is highly sensitive to MLD. This confirms the finding from the data that MLD is a critical environmental factor for the spring bloom. The availability of the photosynthetically active radiation plays an important role, but is not a determining factor of the early bloom in the northern Labrador Sea. The sensitivity study also showed that pre-bloom oceanographic conditions and attenuation of light in water have a greater effect on the timing in a shallow mixed layer than in a deeper mixed layer. KEY WORDS: Spring bloom · Onset time · Mixed layer depth · Regional difference · Labrador SeaResale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisher

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Precipitation over Greenland Retrieved by a Dynamic Method and Its Relation to Cyclonic Activity*

Cited by 123 publications

References 30 publications

Climate of the Greenland ice sheet using a high-resolution climate model – Part 2: Near-surface climate and energy balance

Climate of the Greenland ice sheet using a high-resolution climate model – Part 2: Near-surface climate and energy balance

Evaluation of Greenland Ice Sheet Surface Climate in the HIRHAM Regional Climate Model Using Automatic Weather Station Data

Regional differences in the timing of the spring bloom in the Labrador Sea

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