“…It has been reported that the presence of the intermetallic 2 precipitates in the parent matrix of + titanium alloys can lead to the formation of intensive slip bands during deformation and result in a significant loss of ductility and fracture toughness [5,9,10,13,15]. Although the 2 precipitates in the present alloy were very fine, they still had obvious detrimental effect on ductility and toughness, which was different from the result on Ti-6-22-22 alloy [10]. Secondly, the strength and toughness of + titanium alloys can also be affected by the secondary phase morphology [6,16].…”