Precipitation of Cobalt Salts for Recovery in Leachates

Djoudi, Neila; Mostefa, Marie Le Page; Muhr, Hervé

doi:10.1002/ceat.201800696

Cited by 19 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…A literature review, as well as speciation simulations, showed that 99.8 % of the cobalt could be recovered by hydroxide precipitation [10]. Afterward, several simulations were performed with Visual Minteq 3.0.…”

Section: How To Recover Cobalt From Battery Leachatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to the United States Geological Survey, the DRC provided nearly 65 % of the world's cobalt supply in 2018 and could continue to increase its output [9]. In addition to this, the DRC has plunged into a political slump and the country's macroeconomy is fragile [10]. Moreover, artisanal mining and child labor in Congolese mines are the cause of dramatic humanitarian situations [11].…”

Section: Introduction 1cobalt Criticality Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of Temperature on Cobalt Hydroxide Precipitation for Recovery from Battery Leachates

2021

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As cobalt is a strategic metal essential for the energy and digital transition, the current research work focuses on cobalt recovery from Li‐ion batteries by precipitation. Simulation results allow determination of the cobalt hydroxide precipitation conditions for a complete cobalt recovery. The experimental results show the high impact of temperature on cobalt hydroxide precipitation kinetics and on particle size distribution. Indeed, cobalt recovery is optimal at 25 °C, with a yield of nearly 100 %. However, the simulation results show that it is necessary to be careful about the chosen temperature to avoid coprecipitation of cobalt with manganese. These promising results allow a better understanding of cobalt hydroxide precipitation for a complete recovery from Li‐ion battery leachates.

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Section: How To Recover Cobalt From Battery Leachatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introduction 1cobalt Criticality Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Temperature on Cobalt Hydroxide Precipitation for Recovery from Battery Leachates

2021

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“…The experiments showed that for a molar ratio lower than 2, cobalt (II) hydroxide of type α-Co(OH) 2 is formed. Indeed, supersaturation is not sufficient for the rapid polymorphic transition from α-Co(OH) 2 to β-Co(OH) 2 [40]. Studies have shown that for a molar ratio n OH − /n Co 2+ between 1 and 1.8, the polymorph α-Co(OH) 2 remained stable, its conversion to the β-Co(OH) 2 form is very long.…”

Section: Precipitation Of Co(oh) 2 In Continuous Reactor At 25 • Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrometallurgical Process to Recover Cobalt from Spent Li-Ion Batteries

2021

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The growth of the lithium-ion battery industry requires a secure supply of raw materials and appropriate end-of-life management of batteries. In almost five years, global cobalt consumption has increased by nearly 30%, driven mainly by rechargeable batteries. Consequently, several risks have been identified for cobalt, in particular the growing demand for electric vehicles, which could exceed current production. Therefore, research into the recovery of this critical metal, from industrial or urban waste, is particularly important in the years to come. In this study, cobalt is recovered from a lithium-ion battery leachate in hydroxide form. The thermodynamic simulations performed with Visual Minteq showed that it was possible to recover 99.8% of cobalt (II) hydroxide at 25 °C. Based on these results, experiments were conducted to validate the hypotheses put forward and to compare the results obtained with the simulations performed. Experimentally, several operating parameters were studied to determine the optimal conditions for cobalt recovery, in terms of yield, filterability, and selectivity. Results obtained in a batch reactor allowed the determination of the temperature conditions to be applied in continuous reactor. The cobalt (II) hydroxide precipitation in continuous reactor was carried out under different pH conditions. It was then possible to determine the optimal conditions for cobalt recovery in terms of yield and filterability. Results showed that working at pH 9 would effectively meet the desired criteria. Indeed, cobalt recovery is close to 100% and filtration flow rate is three times higher. Results obtained allow a better understanding of cobalt (II) hydroxide precipitation.

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“…Second, hydrometallurgical processes for the recovery of metals from the alloys employ leaching step by inorganic and organic acidic solution such as hydrochloric acid (HCl), sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4 ), nitric acid (HNO 3 ), citric acid, oxalic acid and tartaric acid 16‐22 . The separation of metal ions from the leaching solutions is performed by solvent extraction, ion exchange, membrane and precipitation 23‐27 . However, the separation of metal ions in the presence of various elements such as Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Mn(II) and Fe(III) from their leaching solutions is rather complicated, and the separation methods depend significantly on both the concentration of metal ions and the speciation of metal ions in the leaching solution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[16][17][18][19][20][21][22] The separation of metal ions from the leaching solutions is performed by solvent extraction, ion exchange, membrane and precipitation. [23][24][25][26][27] However, the separation of metal ions in the presence of various elements such as Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Mn(II) and Fe(III) from their leaching solutions is rather complicated, and the separation methods depend significantly on both the concentration of metal ions and the speciation of metal ions in the leaching solution. Meanwhile, few works have reported the recovery of Li from the slag and dust.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recovery of valuable metals from the hydrochloric leaching solution of reduction smelted metallic alloys from spent lithium‐ion batteries

Tran

Moon

Lee

2022

J of Chemical Tech & Biotech

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BACKGOUND The recycling of valuable metals from spent lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) has attracted much attention. This work investigated the recovery of cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) from metallic alloys generated from the reduction smelting of spent LIBs by a hydrometallurgical process. RESULTS The complete leaching conditions for metals from the alloys were optimized as: 2.0 mol L–1 hydrochloric acid (HCl), 5% (v/v) hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) with 30 g L–1 pulp density at 60 °C within 150 min. Metal ions such as Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Fe(III), Mn(II) and silicon [Si(IV)] from HCl leachate were separated sequentially in four steps using solvent extraction and oxidative precipitation. First, Fe(III) was completely extracted over others using 0.5 mol L–1 Di‐(2‐Ethyl Hexyl) phosphoric acid (D2EHPA). Second, Cu(II) from the Fe(III)‐free raffinate was selectively extracted using 0.25 mol L–1 Cyanex301. Fe(III) and Cu(II) were quantitatively stripped from their loaded phases using 50% (v/v) aqua regia. Third, Co(II) from the Fe(III)‐ and Cu(II)‐free raffinate was selectively extracted over Ni(II), Mn(II) and Si(IV) with 0.25 mol L–1 ALi‐SCN and stripped with 10% (v/v) ammonia (NH3). Finally, Mn(II) from the raffinate containing Ni(II) and Si(IV) was separated at pH 3 by oxidative precipitation of MnO2 after adding 10% (v/v) sodium hypochlorite (NaClO). Mass balance analysis of the whole process indicated that the recovery and purity percentage of the metal ions were >99.9%. CONCLUSION With its effective and selective performance, the application of this process to real‐life recovery of valuable metals from spent LIBs can be considered. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).

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Precipitation of Cobalt Salts for Recovery in Leachates

Cited by 19 publications

References 15 publications

Influence of Temperature on Cobalt Hydroxide Precipitation for Recovery from Battery Leachates

Influence of Temperature on Cobalt Hydroxide Precipitation for Recovery from Battery Leachates

Hydrometallurgical Process to Recover Cobalt from Spent Li-Ion Batteries

Recovery of valuable metals from the hydrochloric leaching solution of reduction smelted metallic alloys from spent lithium‐ion batteries

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