Precipitation in Southern Nevada

French, Richard H.

doi:10.1061/(asce)0733-9429(1983)109:7(1023)

Cited by 39 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Precipitation and Potential Evapotranspiration-The PRECIPM and POTETMUL distribution ranges were left unchanged (*0.4 about the mean The distribution of precipitation using the PRECIPM parameter was consistent with the observed variability in estimated average annual precipitation for the Yucca Mountain area (French 1983;Hevesi et al 1992) and with the ranges of mean annual precipitation between the upper and lower climate bounds. For example, the mean annual precipitation during the mean present-day climate is 197 mm, which is 41% lower than the mean annual precipitation for the upper-bound present-day climate of 278 mm (USGS 2001a, Table 6-10).…”

Section: E4 Basis For the Response E41 Parameter Distributions Devsupporting

confidence: 68%

Technical Basis Document No. 1: Climate and Infiltration

NA¹

2004

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Section: E4 Basis For the Response E41 Parameter Distributions Devsupporting

confidence: 68%

Technical Basis Document No. 1: Climate and Infiltration

NA¹

2004

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“…Most of the MSGB sites receive moisture primarily from westerly storm systems during the winter and early spring; the easternmost three sites (T16, T18, and T23; Fig. 1), and occasionally sites T28 and T29, also receive southerly monsoon moisture during the summer (French, 1983). The MSGB area typically experiences distinct increases in winter and spring precipitation during El Niño events, and droughts during La Niña periods (ENSO cycle).…”

Section: Regional Precipitation and Windmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regional and climatic controls on seasonal dust deposition in the southwestern U.S.

Reheis

Urban

2011

Aeolian Research

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a b s t r a c tVertical dust deposition rates (dust flux) are a complex response to the interaction of seasonal precipitation, wind, changes in plant cover and land use, dust source type, and local vs. distant dust emission in the southwestern U.S. Seasonal dust flux in the Mojave-southern Great Basin (MSGB) deserts, measured from 1999 to 2008, is similar in summer-fall and winter-spring, and antecedent precipitation tends to suppress dust flux in winter-spring. In contrast, dust flux in the eastern Colorado Plateau (ECP) region is much larger in summer-fall than in winter-spring, and twice as large as in the MSGB. ECP dust is related to wind speed, and in the winter-spring to antecedent moisture. Higher summer dust flux in the ECP is likely due to gustier winds and runoff during monsoonal storms when temperature is also higher. Source types in the MSGB and land use in the ECP have important effects on seasonal dust flux. In the MSGB, wet playas produce salt-rich dust during wetter seasons, whereas antecedent and current moisture suppress dust emission from alluvial and dry-playa sources during winter-spring. In the ECP under drought conditions, dust flux at a grazed-and-plowed site increased greatly, and also increased at three annualized, previously grazed sites. Dust fluxes remained relatively consistent at ungrazed and currently grazed sites that have maintained perennial vegetation cover. Under predicted scenarios of future climate change, these results suggest that an increase in summer storms may increase dust flux in both areas, but resultant effects will depend on source type, land use, and vegetation cover.Published by Elsevier B.V.

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“…During the summer, the lower Great Basin experiences frequent intrusions of warm moist tropical air, due to the formation of a high-pressure ridge located over the southern United States and northern Mexico. It has been widely accepted that the clockwise rotation of the air mass brings warm moist air up from the Gulf of Mexico to create a "summer monsoon season," characterized by local high-intensity thunderstorm activity of relatively short duration [Bryson and Lowry, 1955;Green and Sellers, 1964;Jurwitz, 1953;French, 1985]. Additional investigation by Hales [1974] reveals that much of this summer moisture may be credited to moisture driven up from the Pacific Ocean by way of the Gulf of California.…”

Section: -5mentioning

confidence: 99%

Compliance Assessment Document for the Transuranic Wastes in the Greater Confinement Disposal Boreholes at the Nevada Test Site, Volume 2: Performance Assessment

Cochran¹,

Beyeler²,

Brosseau³

et al. 2001

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Intermediate depth disposal operations were conducted by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) at the DOE's Nevada Test Site (NTS) from 1984 through 1989. These operations emplaced highspecific activity low-level wastes (LLW) and limited quantities of classified, "special case" transuranic (TRU) wastes in 37 m (120-ft) deep, 3 m (10 ft) diameter Greater Confinement Disposal (GCD) boreholes.Four boreholes contain about 60,000 kg (132,000 lb.) of classified TRU waste packages, containing less than 330 curies of Plutonium-239. All of the TRU wastes emplaced in the GCD boreholes are classified for national security reasons and cannot be disposed of in the DOE's Waste Isolation Pilot Plant.The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA's) 40 CFR 191 defines the requirements for protection of human health from disposed TRU wastes. This EPA standard sets a number of requirements, including probabilistic limits on the cumulative releases of radionuclides to the accessible environment for 10,000 years. This report presents the performance assessment (PA) that has been conducted to determine if disposal of TRU waste in the GCD boreholes complies with the EPA's 40 CFR 191 requirements.Sandia National Laboratories completed this PA using all available information and an Iterative PA Methodology, which focused work on uncertainty reduction in a cost-effective fashion that does not overestimate system performance and assured defensibility. The simplicity of the conceptual models of the GCD disposal system allowed them to be implemented in Microsoft ® Visual Basic™ macros in an Access™ database. This PA model is built from a mathematical expression for mass conservation that includes the operation of a number of transport processes, including dissolution, precipitation, reversible chemical sorption onto soil, advection, diffusion, dispersion, radioactive decay and ingrowth, plant uptake, and bioturbation. The mathematical model and implementing code was used to calculate a complementary cumulative distribution function of integrated normalized release to the accessible environment for 10,000 years and probability distributions of dose based on two exposure conditions for the 1,000 year individual protection requirements.The primary conclusions of this PA are that the disposal of TRU wastes in the GCD boreholes will, at most, result in minuscule doses to individuals, and that the GCD disposal system easily meets the EPA's 1985, 40 CFR 191 requirements for disposal of TRU waste. Further, there is a strong, reasonable expectation that actual system performance will be better than what is simulated in this PA.vi ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

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Precipitation in Southern Nevada

Cited by 39 publications

References 2 publications

Technical Basis Document No. 1: Climate and Infiltration

Technical Basis Document No. 1: Climate and Infiltration

Regional and climatic controls on seasonal dust deposition in the southwestern U.S.

Compliance Assessment Document for the Transuranic Wastes in the Greater Confinement Disposal Boreholes at the Nevada Test Site, Volume 2: Performance Assessment

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