Precipitation Behaviors of TiN Inclusion in GCr15 Bearing Steel Billet

Tian, Qianren; Wang, Guocheng; Zhao, Yang; Li, Jing; Wang, Qi

doi:10.1007/s11663-018-1230-y

Cited by 77 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Choosing three crystal planes and three crystal orientations of the matrix and new phase crystal, the corresponding crystal parameters can calculate the disregistries between two phases by Equation (6). Since M 3 C and M 7 C 3 are substitutional solid solutions (Cr and Mn take the position of Fe in carbides) [25], the minimum disregistries of TiN-M 7 C 3 , TiN-M 3 C, and Fe 3 C-Fe 7 C 3 were verified by the parameters of TiN [14], Fe 7 C 3 [26] and Fe 3 C [27]. The parameters and calculated results are shown in Table 3, and the disregistries diagram is shown in Figure 7.…”

Section: Crystallographic Analysismentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Many studies have investigated TiN and Al 2 O 3 , MgAl 2 O 4 and MnS, and NbC complex precipitation with inclusion [10][11][12][13]. Our previous study [14] found that TiN inclusion were covered by carbide in the etched GCr15 bearing steel metallographic specimens. Considering the two-dimensional (2-D) of particles cannot reflect their real morphologies, it is necessary to observe their three-dimensional (3-D) morphologies in steel.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Phase diagram for Fe-1.5%Cr-C system (the shadow part is the mushy zone of steel, C presents the pure substance C(s); M 3 C (Cementite) presents Fe 3 C with dissolved Cr, Mn; M 7 C presents carbide phase found in Cr, Mn-containing steels; FCC and BCC present the face-centered cubic iron (γ-Fe) and body-centered cubic iron (α-Fe), respectively).According to the authors previous work[14,22], TiN precipitates in the mushy zone of GCr15 bearing steel, and their size is affected by the concentration of Ti and N around TiN crystal nucleus. Ti and N both are positive segregation elements (k > 0), their concentrations and consequently the supersaturation increases with solid fraction increasing, and TiN precipitation become easier during solidification process.…”

mentioning

confidence: 94%

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Complex Precipitates of TiN-MCx in GCr15 Bearing Steel

Tian¹,

Wang²,

Yuan³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Nitride and carbide are the second phases which play an important role in the performance of bearing steel, and their precipitation behavior is complicated. In this study, TiN-MCx precipitations in GCr15 bearing steels were obtained by non-aqueous electrolysis, and their precipitation mechanisms were studied. TiN is the effective heterogeneous nucleation site for Fe7C3 and Fe3C, therefore, MCx can precipitate on the surface of TiN easily, its chemistry component consists of M3C and M7C3 (M = Fe, Cr, Mn) and Cr3C2. TiN-MCx with high TiN volume fraction, TiN forms in early stage of solidification, and MCx precipitates on TiN surface after TiN engulfed by the solidification advancing front. TiN-MCx with low TiN volume fraction, TiN and MCx form in late stage of solidification, TiN can not grow sufficiently and is covered by a large number of precipitated MCx particles.

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Section: Crystallographic Analysismentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

mentioning

confidence: 94%

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Complex Precipitates of TiN-MCx in GCr15 Bearing Steel

Tian¹,

Wang²,

Yuan³

et al. 2019

Preprint

Self Cite

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“…Due to the fact that the mass fraction of Fe is more than 90 mass% in molten steel, then the impact of second-order interaction coefficients can be ignored. Thus, the first-order interaction coefficients (as shown in Table 3) are used only during the calculation process [15,17]. Table 3.…”

Section: Of 13mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Table 3. First-order interaction coefficients e i j of solute elements in molten steel at 1873 K [15,17]. According to Equations (10)-(13), one can obtain,…”

Section: Of 13mentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding TiN Precipitation Behavior during Solidification of SWRH 92A Tire Cord Steel by Selected Thermodynamic Models

et al. 2019

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Tire cord steel is widely used in the tire production process of the vehicle manufacturing industry due to its excellent strength and toughness. Titanium nitride (TiN) inclusion, existing in tire rod, has a seriously detrimental effect on the fatigue and drawing performances of the tire steel. In order to control its amount and morphology, the precipitation behavior of TiN during solidification in SWRH 92A tire cord steel was analyzed by selected thermodynamic models. The calculated results showed that TiN cannot precipitate in the liquid phase region regardless of the selected models. However, the precipitation of TiN in the mushy zone would occur at the final stage during the solidification process (at solid fractions greater than 0.98) if the LRSM (Lever-rule model was applied for the N and Scheil model for Ti) or Ohnaka models (without considering the effect of carbon on secondary dendrite arm spacing (SDAS)) were adopted. For the Ohnaka model, in the case when the effect of carbon on SDAS was considered, TiN would probably precipitate in the solid phase zone rather than precipitate in the liquid phase region or mushy zone.

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Precipitation of TiS in Al–Ti Simultaneously Deoxidized Steel

Jin

Shang²,

Wang

et al. 2021

steel research int.

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Herein, the precipitation of TiS in an Al–Ti simultaneously deoxidized steel is observed, and the results confirm the precipitation of single TiS, two‐layered oxide (Al2O3 or TiOx)–TiS composite, and three‐layered Al2O3–TiOx–TiS composite inclusions in the steel. Thermodynamic calculations reveal that TiS precipitated in the experimental steel during the solidification process when the solid fraction (xs) is 0.880. In addition, the precipitation of TiOx during solidification depends on the equilibrium partition of O. When the O content in steel is very low, TiS rather than TiOx is precipitated. In addition, the enrichment of O in the residual liquid steel results in the precipitation of TiOx during the solidification process. Oxide–TiS is formed by TiS precipitation on the surface of Al2O3 and TiOx precipitation in the liquid steel or at the initial stage of solidification. However, Al2O3–TiS is formed only in preformed solid steel with low oxygen content. The lattice misfit results suggest that it is easier to match TiS to TiO and TiO2, while the misfit of TiS(001)/bcc Fe(100) is 6.06.

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Precipitation Behaviors of TiN Inclusion in GCr15 Bearing Steel Billet

Cited by 77 publications

References 41 publications

Complex Precipitates of TiN-MCx in GCr15 Bearing Steel

Complex Precipitates of TiN-MCx in GCr15 Bearing Steel

Understanding TiN Precipitation Behavior during Solidification of SWRH 92A Tire Cord Steel by Selected Thermodynamic Models

Precipitation of TiS in Al–Ti Simultaneously Deoxidized Steel

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