Precipitation Augmentation from Cumulus Clouds and Systems: Scientific and Technological Foundations, 1975

Simpson, Joanne

doi:10.1016/s0065-2687(08)60141-7

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 142 publications

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“…The initial studies of rainfall events that caused flood disasters in Nelspruit and environs were concentrated on atmospheric mechanisms that resulted in these heavy rainfall events. Simpson ( 1996 ) studied cumulus clouds and the associated larger mesoscale systems that produced heavy storms in and around Nelspruit Schulze ( 1972 ) from his studies concluded that there was a high incidence of hail and thunder in North Eastern region of South Africa. Kelbe ( 1984 ) studied cumulus cloud characteristics and observed that most of the severe storms occurred in the early summer months in the radius of 50 km around Nelspruit.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Statistical analysis of annual maximum daily rainfall for Nelspruit and its environs

Masereka

Ochieng

Snyman

2018

Jàmbá

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Nelspruit and its environs frequently experience extreme high annual maximum daily rainfall (AMDR) events resulting in flood hazards. These flood hazards have caused flood disasters that have resulted in loss of property and lives. The main objective of this study was to carry out statistical analysis of extreme high AMDR events that have caused flood hazards, which in turn have caused flood disasters in Nelspruit and its environs. Empirical continuous probability distribution functions (ECPDF) and theoretical continuous probability distribution functions (TCPDF) were applied to carry out the statistical analysis of the extreme high AMDR events. Annual maximum daily rainfall event of magnitude 100 mm was identified as a threshold. Events > 100 mm were considered as extreme high events resulting in flood disasters. The results of empirical frequency analysis showed that the return period of flood disasters was 10 years. The occurrence probability of flood disaster event at least once in 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 years was 0.10, 0.19, 0.27, 0.34 and 0.41, respectively. Generalised logistic PDF was identified as the best-fit theoretical PDF for statistical analysis of the extreme high AMDR events in Nelspruit and its environs. The results of this study contributed to the understanding of frequency and magnitude of extreme high AMDR events that could lead to flood disasters. The results could be applied in developing flood disaster management strategies in Nelspruit and its environs.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Statistical analysis of annual maximum daily rainfall for Nelspruit and its environs

Masereka

Ochieng

Snyman

2018

Jàmbá

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“…The convective cloud is a discrete entity which has invited experimentation in the laboratory [Saunders, 1962], on high speed computers [Cotton, 1975], and in the field [Simpson, 1976]. Because convective clouds can extend through the depth of the troposphere, they represent powerful entities for the vertical transport of heat, moisture and momentum in the atmosphere.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Some aspects of Florida convective rainfall

Ulanski¹,

Garstang²

1978

Water Resources Research

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A dense network of rain gages in an area of 660 km ø' in south Florida was operated for the summers of 1971 and 1973. More than 3 times as much rain fell in this network in the summer of 1973 than in 1971.The two periods are examined in order to understand the controls in convective rainfall which produce such contrasting amounts. It is found that the total duration and intensity of rain was about the same in both years. Well-organized thunderstorms of large extent account for the bulk of the rainfall. These la•rge storms occurred with a greater frequency in 1973 than in 1971. Days with single showers produced more rain than multishower days. The critical variable in determining convective rainfall amount is the size of the individual storm. These large storms appear to eliminate competition for the available moisture supply and are more efficient in converting that moisture to rainfall. the afternoon with very few morning or nocturnal showers (Figure 3). Showers have an average starting time of 1436 LST, and the most intense showers occur in the afternoon. Characteristics of South Florida Rainfall The experiment periods of 1971 and 1973 were dissimilar in the amount of rainfall which fell over the region. The early summer months of 1971 were unusually dry with drought conditions evident in many parts of the Everglades. The Florida Department of Natural Resources reported that Lake Okeechobee was 0.8 m below its normal water level for this period. In 1973, on the other hand, conditions were rainy and disturbed. Woodley et al. [1975] measured the area mean rainfall over the network to be 16.6 cm in 1971 compared with 50.7 cm in 1973. The differences between 1971 and 1973 are further accentuated by Figures 4a and 4b. Fifty percent of the time a mean network rainfall of less than 0.25 cm fell in 1971 versus Paper number 8W0666.

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“…Οι Yenai (1975), Hsu (1979), Ogura (1972), Simpson (1976Simpson ( , 1983) και Cotton (1975) δίνουν συνοπτικά μία κριτική επιακόπιαη αυτών των μονοδιάστατων μοντέλων.…”

Section: •]]unclassified

Μαθηματικα Μοντελα Μεταφορας Μαζας Στην Ατμοσφαιρικη Ρυπανση

Γυφτόπουλος¹,

Gyftopoulos²

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Αιτιολόγηση του διαχωρισμού της-παρομέτρησης της ανηνμένης: ροής ακτ ι νο&ρλί ας: μικρού και μεγάλου μήκους: κύματος μεταξύ κ-αΟαρής και νεφελώδους ατμόσφαιρας 164 3.8.4.2. Παραμέτρηση. της μεγάλου μήκους κύματος ανηγμιένης.• ροής ακτ ι νοβσλί ας σε νεψελώδη ατμόσφαιρα.

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Precipitation Augmentation from Cumulus Clouds and Systems: Scientific and Technological Foundations, 1975

Cited by 10 publications

References 142 publications

Statistical analysis of annual maximum daily rainfall for Nelspruit and its environs

Statistical analysis of annual maximum daily rainfall for Nelspruit and its environs

Some aspects of Florida convective rainfall

Μαθηματικα Μοντελα Μεταφορας Μαζας Στην Ατμοσφαιρικη Ρυπανση

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