Precipitate coarsening-induced plasticity: Low temperature creep behaviour of tempered SAE 52100

Morra, Patrizia; Radelaar, S.; Yandouzi, M.; Chen, J.; Böttger, A.

doi:10.1016/j.ijplas.2009.03.002

Cited by 28 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Therefore, according to the Greenwood-Johnson mechanism [10], the precipitation of carbides during tempering should also produce transformation plasticity. This is consistent with studies by Morra [12] and Kaiser [13].…”

Section: Transformation Plasticity During Temperingsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Denis [11] et al found that phase transformation plasticity had an important impact on the formation of residual stress during quenching. Inspired by this finding, Morra [12] studied the tempering process of SAE 52,100(American Society of Automotive Engineers Standard) under uniaxial loading. Irreversible plastic deformation similar to phase transformation plasticity also occurred when the nanoscale carbides in the material were dissolved or coarsened.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Carbide Precipitation on the Evolution of Residual Stress during Tempering

Ding

Liu

Xie

et al. 2019

Metals

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The evolution of microstructure and residual stress during the tempering of 700 L low-carbon micro-alloyed steel was studied using a crack compliance method for measuring residual stress. Additionally, a non-isothermal tempering dilatation test, Vickers micro-hardness test, and transmission electron microscopy were used. The evolution of residual stress during tempering consists of two stages. The first stage coincided with cementite precipitation. Under the initial residual stress, the transformation plasticity due to cementite precipitation leads to partial relaxation of the micro-stress evoked by the austenite-to-ferrite transformation during quenching. It also caused the material surface and the core to exhibit different residual stress evolution trends. After tempering at 300 ∘ C for 30 min, the residual stress was reduced from 487 MPa to 200 MPa; however, the elastic strain energy remained unchanged. The second stage coincided with alloy carbide precipitation and Mn partitioning, but the precipitation of the alloy carbide only reduced the elastic strain energy by 8.7%. Thus, the change in activation energy was the main reason for the relaxation of residual stress at this stage. After tempering at 600 ∘ C for 30 min, the residual stress was reduced to 174 MPa, the elastic strain energy was reduced by 72.72%, and the residual stress was controlled.

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Section: Transformation Plasticity During Temperingsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Carbide Precipitation on the Evolution of Residual Stress during Tempering

Ding

Liu

Xie

et al. 2019

Metals

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“…It is found that the tempering transformation activation energy Q of Mn-Mo-Ni nuclear power forging steel, during isothermal tempering in the temperature range from 600 to 660uC, is 101?4 kJ mol 21 , which is close to that of diffusion activation energy of carbon atoms in ferrite. 17 This indicates that the tempering transformation of Mn-MoNi nuclear power forging steel is controlled by the diffusion of carbon atoms in ferrite, which is consistent with the conclusions in the literature.…”

Section: Tempering Kineticssupporting

confidence: 90%

Microstructure evolution and kinetics analysis during tempering of Mn–Ni–Mo nuclear power forging steel

Wang

Han

2013

International Heat Treatment and Surface Engineering

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The mechanical properties of Mn-Mo-Ni nuclear power forging steel can be affected greatly by tempering processes. In the present paper, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and hardness measurements were employed to correlate property variation with the evolution of microstructure during tempering of an Mn-Mo-Ni steel. Kinetics analysis based on hardness measurements was applied to isothermal tempering at temperatures in the range 600-660uC. The hardness variations during tempering are explained by decomposition of retained austenite and martensite-austenite (M-A), precipitation and coarsening of carbides within bainitic ferrite, and recrystallisation of bainitic ferrite. According to the kinetics analysis, the tempering transformation activation energy has been calculated as about 101?4 kJ mol 21 , which indicates a mechanism of carbon diffusion within ferrite. Finally, the considerable precipitation and coarsening of carbides within bainitic ferrite have been observed only at high isothermal temperatures (generally equal to or above 660uC), indicating a high tempering resistance of the Mn-Mo-Ni steel.

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“…The main strengthening mechanisms in modified 9Cr-1Mo steel are work hardening, solid solution strengthening, precipitation hardening, and subgrain boundary strengthening. It has been shown by several researchers that Mo atoms in solid solution precipitate to form coarse Laves-phase particles under long term thermo-mechanical loading [17][18][19]. Moreover, the precipitate (M23C6 and MX) coarsening in modified 9Cr-1Mo increases the inter-particle spacing between precipitates.…”

Section: Damage Constitutive Equationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Creep Damage Model for High-Temperature Deformation and Failure of 9Cr-1Mo Steel Weldments

Basirat

Shrestha

Barannyk

et al. 2015

Metals

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A dislocation-based creep model combined with a continuum damage formulation was developed and implemented in the finite element method to simulate high temperature deformation behavior in modified 9Cr-1Mo steel welds. The evolution of dislocation structures was considered as the main driving mechanism for creep. The effect of void growth, precipitate coarsening, and solid solution depletion were considered to be the operating damage processes. A semi-implicit numerical integration scheme was developed and implemented in the commercial finite element code ABAQUS-Standard as a user material subroutine. Furthermore, several creep tests of modified 9Cr-1Mo steel welded specimens were conducted at temperatures between 550-700 °C and stresses between 80-200 MPa. The accuracy of the model was verified by comparing the finite element results with experiments. The comparison between the experimental and computational results showed excellent agreement. The model can be used to simulate and predict the creep-damage behavior of Cr-Mo steel components used as structural applications in power plants. OPEN ACCESSMetals 2015, 5 1488

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Precipitate coarsening-induced plasticity: Low temperature creep behaviour of tempered SAE 52100

Cited by 28 publications

References 52 publications

Effect of Carbide Precipitation on the Evolution of Residual Stress during Tempering

Effect of Carbide Precipitation on the Evolution of Residual Stress during Tempering

Microstructure evolution and kinetics analysis during tempering of Mn–Ni–Mo nuclear power forging steel

A Creep Damage Model for High-Temperature Deformation and Failure of 9Cr-1Mo Steel Weldments

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