Preceptoria na residência médica em hospital público de emergência além das atividades prescritas: relato por meio de incidentes críticos

Abstract

Resumo: As Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais da Medicina enfatizam a lacuna existente no ensino de emergência e a especificidade da preceptoria nesse cenário. Este estudo analisa a influência dos fatores psicossociais do trabalho no fazer pedagógico do preceptor, numa abordagem qualitativa, na modalidade estudo de caso. Foi desenvolvido em hospital público de emergência do nordeste do Brasil. Participaram cinco preceptores de Residência Médica, submetidos à entrevista individual através da técnica do incidente crítico. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de conteúdo, a partir da qual foram identificados os fatores psicossociais inerentes ao trabalhador e internos ao trabalho que influenciam a preceptoria. As evidências destacam ainda a reduzida formação pedagógica e a imobilização do poder de agir em competência dos preceptores, sendo necessário o fortalecimento da formação pedagógica e da identidade profissional. Ressalta-se a necessidade de problematizar o cotidiano do processo de trabalho em saúde para transformar a formação de quem forma.Palavras-chave: Preceptoria; Residência médica; Análise e Desempenho de Tarefa; Hospital de emergência; Clínica da Atividade. Medical residency preceptorship at a public emergency hospital beyond prescribed activities: report of critical incidentesAbstract: The National Curricular Guidelines of Medicine emphasize the gap in emergency teaching and the specificity of the role of preceptor in this setting. The present study analyzes the influence of the psychosocial factors of work on the pedagogic performance of preceptors, using a qualitative approach and a case study. The research was conducted at a public emergency hospital in Northeastern Brazil. The five preceptors from the medical residency that participated were interviewed individually using the critical incident technique. The data were submitted to content analysis and the psychosocial factors inherent to the worker and specifically to the work that influences preceptors were identified. The evidence highlights insufficient pedagogic training and the lack of action on behalf of preceptors, demonstrating the need for strengthening pedagogical training and professional identity. It is important to investigate the daily work process in health, in order to transform training procedures.Keywords: Preceptorship; Medical residency; Task and performance analysis; Emergency hospital; Activity clinic.

Reasons for Choosing a Reference Hospital During the Application for Medical Residency Programs: A Cross-Sectional Study

“…These professionals are placed in preceptorship functions after finishing their residency; thus, they do not feel stimulated and/or trained for this function, leading to excessive attributions and difficulties in teaching-learning processes. 23 Therefore, pedagogical training involving active methodologies and research incentives is essential for these professionals. 23 The main reason for choosing the MR program was the institution's prestige, followed by tradition in teaching, quality preceptorship, supportive structure, and the number of patients.…”

“…23 Therefore, pedagogical training involving active methodologies and research incentives is essential for these professionals. 23 The main reason for choosing the MR program was the institution's prestige, followed by tradition in teaching, quality preceptorship, supportive structure, and the number of patients. These factors correlate with positive expectations since they are part of the student judgment regarding the intended institution to initiate the medical residency.…”