Precategorical acoustic storage and the perception of speech

Predictive Top-Down Integration of Prior Knowledge during Speech Perception

“…Thus, our finding of opposite effects of sensory detail and prior knowledge in the STG is without precedent in previous studies of the perception of degraded speech and is inconsistent with accounts in which any enhancement to the perceived clarity of speech is accompanied by a corresponding increase in STG activity. It is, however, in agreement with the finding that recall of degraded spoken words from echoic memory is determined solely by the fidelity of sensory input rather than perceived clarity from topdown influences (Frankish, 2008). This suggests that, although sensory information and prior knowledge both enhance perceptual clarity, their effects can be dissociated by other behavioral measures and, as demonstrated here, by neural responses in the STG.…”

Recall Performance in Air Traffic Controllers Across the 24-hr Day: Influence of Alertness and Task Demands on Recall Strategies

“…In addition, orally presented list-items would be associated with temporal cues that would not be generated by successively presented visual words. These temporal cues would then result in stronger memory traces and ensure higher recall for heard items (Frankish, 1985(Frankish, , 2008.…”

“…In favour of this hypothesis, these authors showed that the auditory advantage is even more pronounced when output interference is high. Alternatively it has been proposed that the auditory advantage that extends over the last few serial positions is retrieved independently for each item from an echoic trace (Frankish, 2008). According to this author, pronounced recency in immediate serial recall is limited to stimuli that engage the perceptual mechanism involved in linguistic decoding of speech.…”

“…In contrast, interactive activation models propose that communication between these levels is bidirectional. Whenever a lexical unit becomes active, feedback connections boost activation of the units that represent its constituent phonemes (for a review, Frankish, 2008).…”

“…The present findings suggest that short sequences of auditory information would less readily tax controller's processing capacities than longer sequences and/or visual material. As stated by Frankish (2008), all models of speech perception incorporate some form of auditory short term memory, because speech comprehension requires the integration of information from successive elements. The findings reported here may thus be useful for various control operations and in particular during conflict resolution, when controllers' memory span may be more readily taxed.…”