Precarious livelihoods: Examining the intersection of fish work and ecological change in coastal Jamaica

Marschke, Melissa; Campbell, Donovan; Armitage, Derek

doi:10.1002/pan3.10061

Cited by 13 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 33 publications

(42 reference statements)

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“…Political economic analysis has rightfully pointed out the structural social and environmental injustice that this kind of fisheries pertains, in which the sky-high value attributed to live fish contrast with the expendability of divers' lives (Adhuri 1998;Fabinyi 2013;Lowe 2000). As submerged ecologies around the world are put under increasing strain, bodies of dive fishers are also submitted to increasingly precarious conditions as fishing practice moves into deeper and riskier waters (Mallon Andrews 2021; Marschke, Campbell, and Armitage 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sea fishing is generally known as a dangerous profession, associated with health and safety risks reflecting uncertain regulatory and environmental circumstances in which fishers need to get the job done (Power 2008). In this, dive fishing is shown to be a particularly risky and physically tough practice, often carried out without proper training or equipment, in hazardous working conditions (Mallon Andrews 2021; Marschke, Campbell, and Armitage 2020).…”

Section: Risk Masculinity and Leaky Bodiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Leaky bodies: masculinity and risk in the practice of cyanide fishing in Indonesia

Pauwelussen

2021

Gender, Place & Culture

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Dive fishing with cyanide is known as a risky fishing practice, as it pushes or lures divers to the limits of what their bodies can take. Its association with physical danger is linked to a culture of machismo and a coming-of-age process in which young men prove their bravery and become part of a shared manhood. What often remains implicit in the understanding of risk-seeking activities is the notion of body and masculinity that such practices entail and produce. Understanding risk and how it relates to masculinity in native terms requires conceptual tools to think beyond the self-contained body that navigates an external environment. Based on long-term ethnographic fieldwork in Indonesia, this article explores cyanide dive fishing in the context of risky practice in relation to the body as contingent, permeable and leaky. Drawing from situated narratives and post-human phenomenology, the article makes room for masculinities beyond the self-contained man by describing dive fishing as a transformative process of becoming fluid to a submerged world of currents and spirits. By showing how this process brings bodies to or beyond their threshold of endurance, the article sheds light on the situated vulnerabilities of dive fishers in an environment of exploitation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Risk Masculinity and Leaky Bodiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leaky bodies: masculinity and risk in the practice of cyanide fishing in Indonesia

Pauwelussen

2021

Gender, Place & Culture

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“…Despite their economic contribution, the development approaches of small-scale commercial fisheries have many shortcomings in integrating decent work policy guidance, as outlined in the 2015 Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-scale Fisheries. Policy failures undermining diver-specific labour needs are leading to an increase in fatal and non-fatal dive accidents, placing an overall burden on the health sector (Bassett, 2019;Marschke et al, 2020;FAO, 2022). The lack of integration of the International Labour Organization (ILO) decent work and social protection policy framework at the bottom of the fisheries product supply chain concerning the dive fisher labour force has arguably led to hundreds of diver occupational accidents.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The lack of integration of the International Labour Organization (ILO) decent work and social protection policy framework at the bottom of the fisheries product supply chain concerning the dive fisher labour force has arguably led to hundreds of diver occupational accidents. Luthfi and Isdianto (2019); Marschke et al (2020) and Bassett (2019) have extensively discussed dive fish occupational accidents, such as decompression accidents leading to total paralysis, permanent neurological disabilities, and fatalities. In their legal study, Sloan and Tuivanualevu (2017) unveiled indigenous dive fish worker fatalities in the case of Fiji's beche-de-mer trade which lacks labour protection, exacerbating the burden on the health sector and coastal communities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of marine and diving authorities in workforce development in the blue economy

Nisa

2022

Front. Mar. Sci.

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Island governments have made decent work and social protection their highest policy priority, aiming to link them to the so-called blue economy sectors such as fisheries. The development of small-scale commercial fishing is primarily driven by transnational fisheries trade and depends on dive fisher labour force facing issues with deficits in decent work, health and safety, and safety at sea provisions. Given the macro-policy priorities for decent work in the transition of small island developing states (SIDS) to blue economy, this paper examines the development interventions in small-scale commercial fisheries trade that have exacerbated unsafe marine working conditions of dive fishers. Despite significant investments in developing commercial fisheries trade, the mismatch between macro-level decisions and micro-level labour needs has hardly been explored via the blue economy and sustainable development goal interlinkages. This study used a qualitative research approach to examine the unsafe working conditions of dive fishers and examined why dive-related accidents and fatalities occur in commercial fisheries in the first place. A systematic approach in the analysis of diving accidents helps the study to, firstly, highlight the gaps between macro policy and practice at the national and global levels. Secondly, the approach helps explore the need for a coherent approach to policy integration that bridges the gap between the macro and operational levels of small-scale fisheries labour force. The study analyses the International Labour Organization’s decent work instruments with SIDS sustainable development priorities for fisheries workforce and points out that governments must be responsible at the macro level for managing accidents at sea and building a safe diving workforce through competent marine and diving authorities.

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“…Small-scale fisheries (SSFs) contribute to food and income security around the world (FAO, 2015). However, many SSFs face resource overexploitation and precarious livelihoods, often because of weak formal governance (Chuenpagdee & Jentoft, 2015;Marschke et al, 2020). SSFs are governed through an interplay of both formal and informal institutions that incentivize ways in which resources are extracted (Cinti et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social cohesion and self-governance arrangements among small-scale fisheries in Puerto Rico

et al. 2022

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In small-scale fisheries that suffer from weak formal governance, fishers use a variety of institutional strategies to self-govern. These self-governance arrangements may or may not be forms of collective action, yet they rely on informal institutions (such as norms of reciprocity) in generating social cohesion among users so that common rules can be agreed upon. Social network perspectives have been used to understand the cohesiveness of fishers operating with different gear types or in different communities, yet less is known about how social cohesion differs between fishers that operate through formal cooperative arrangements, such as fishing associations, and independent fishers who operate solely at the community level through informal cooperation. Using mixed methods, we compared the social cohesion of commercial fishers arising from information-sharing and work-support networks in four fishing communities of north-eastern Puerto Rico, as they coped with prolonged hurricane recovery and the COVID-19 pandemic. A series of exponential random graph models (ERGMs) were applied to untangle the drivers of cohesion emerging from fisher’s information-sharing patterns. Fisher’s communication was driven not just by operating at the same landing site or using the same primary gear type, but also by choosing to organize their fishing under the same self-governance arrangement. Specifically, fishers that were members of fishing associations mostly communicated among themselves, while independent fishers talked across arrangements, indicating the role of fishing associations in fostering social cohesion. However, associated fishers were less likely to receive information than independent fishers, suggesting the need for targeted communication strategies within each group. Moreover, independent fishers had more work support ties and a greater diversity of supporting actors across the supply chain, suggesting their need for higher levels of linking social capital. Multiple social factors explained whether fishers choose to be members of fishing associations or remain independent, including trust in leaders and agreement on membership rules. These findings highlight the importance of knowing the cohesiveness of cooperation networks among small-scale fishers.

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Precarious livelihoods: Examining the intersection of fish work and ecological change in coastal Jamaica

Cited by 13 publications

References 33 publications

Leaky bodies: masculinity and risk in the practice of cyanide fishing in Indonesia

Leaky bodies: masculinity and risk in the practice of cyanide fishing in Indonesia

The role of marine and diving authorities in workforce development in the blue economy

Social cohesion and self-governance arrangements among small-scale fisheries in Puerto Rico

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