Precarious employment at a young age and labor-market marginalization during middle-adulthood: A register-linked cohort study

Thern, Emelie; Matilla-Santander, Núria; Bodin, Theo; Hemmingsson, Tomas

doi:10.5271/sjweh.4079

Cited by 7 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Additionally, the subgroup analysis shows that those exposed to long working hours are more likely to engage in cigarette smoking, especially young-aged workers. While the underlying mechanism remains unclear, young workers with long working hours may also simultaneously face other precarious employment conditions ( 35 ). For instance, gig workers, prevalent among the young workforce in Korea, are often exposed to overwork, along with employment instability, lack of rights and protection, and exposure to psychological hazards ( 36 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Eighth, while we adjusted for the calendar effect, it may not fully account for the broader shifts in the labor market. For instance, the recent expansion of the gig economy might exert more pronounced effects on working hours and employment conditions among younger workforce ( 35 ). Indeed, our stratified analysis shows that the association between long working hours and smoking risk is pronounced among young-aged workers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Relationship between long working hours and smoking behaviors: Evidence from population-based cohort studies in Korea

Baek,

Lim,

Kim

et al. 2024

Scand J Work Environ Health

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OBJECTIVES: Long working hours and overwork are growing public health concerns in the Western-Pacific region. We explored the relationship between working hours and smoking behaviors of Korean workers. METHODS: This study included 284 782 observations (50 508 workers) from four nationwide cohort studies in Korea. Using generalized estimating equations, we estimated the associations of working hours with current smoking status, smoking initiation, and smoking cessation within each cohort. Cohort-specific estimates were combined through random-effect meta-analysis. Effect sizes were presented as odds ratios (OR) and 95 confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS: The overall smoking prevalence was 26.8% within the cohorts. The adjusted OR (95% CI) of the association between working hours and current smoking were 1.01 (0.94–1.08) for <35 hours/week, 1.04 (1.01–1.09) for 41–48 hours/week, 1.06 (1.01–1.10) for 49–54 hours/week, and 1.07 (1.04–1.10) for ≥55 hours/week compared with 35–40 hours/week. The adjusted OR (95% CI) of the association between working hours and smoking cessation in the follow-up were 0.93 (0.85–1.02) for <35 hours/week, 0.89 (0.83–0.96) for 41–48 hours/week, 0.87 (0.81–0.95) for 48–54 hours/week, and 0.91 (0.85–0.98) for ≥55 hours/week compared with 35–40 hours/week. No clear associations were observed between working hours and smoking initiation. CONCLUSION: Long working hours are associated with high current smoking risk and reduced likelihood of smoking cessation among Korean workers. Policy interventions are required to promote smoking cessation and reduce excess overwork for individuals experiencing long working hours.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between long working hours and smoking behaviors: Evidence from population-based cohort studies in Korea

Baek,

Lim,

Kim

et al. 2024

Scand J Work Environ Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“… 27 As this study focused on labour market position at a young age, the cut-off age of 27 years was chosen in order to collect exposure information, which is measured 3 years after graduation, before the age of 30 years. 13 15 …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The labour market position among the study participants was assessed in two steps using the Longitudinal Integration Database for Health Insurance and Labour Market Studies (LISA) register. 13 15 During the first step, information on the year of examination from school and the level of education (primary, secondary or university) was obtained the year the participants turned 27 years old. Participants in the current study graduated between 1989 and 2003 when they were aged 16–27 years.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, this trend does not seem to hold true for young adults. 13 17 A systematic review has suggested that being precariously employed could trigger unhealthy coping strategies, such as an increase in alcohol consumption. 18 Although a decrease in alcohol consumption has been observed among Swedish youths during recent decades, the majority of young adults consume alcohol.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Precarious employment in young adulthood and later alcohol-related morbidity: a register-based cohort study

Thern,

Elling,

Badarin

et al. 2024

Occup Environ Med

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ObjectivesThe prevalence of precarious employment is increasing, particularly among young adults where less is known about the long-term health consequences. The present study aims to test if being precariously employed in young adulthood is associated with an increased risk of alcohol-related morbidity later in life.MethodsA register-based cohort study was conducted in Sweden. The Swedish Work, Illness, and Labor-market Participation (SWIP) cohort was used to identify individuals who were aged 27 years between 2000 and 2003 (n=339 403). Information on labour market position (precarious employment, long-term unemployment, substandard employment and standard employment relations) was collected for young people 3 years after graduation from school using nationwide registers. Details about alcohol-related morbidity during a 28-year follow-up period were collected from the National Hospital Discharge Register. Data on sex, age, country of birth, education and previous poor health were also obtained from the registers.ResultsYoung adults in precarious employment had an increased risk of alcohol-related morbidity compared with individuals of the same age in standard employment (HR 1.43, 95% CI 1.32 to 1.55), after adjusting for several important covariates. A stronger association was found among young men who were precariously employed compared with young women.ConclusionThis nationwide register-based study conducted in Sweden with a long-term follow-up suggests that being precariously employed in young adulthood is associated with an increased risk of alcohol-related morbidity later in life.

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Interaction between old age and precarious employment on poor mental well‐being in workers: Evidence from a nationally representative sample in Korea

Baek,

Lee,

Won

et al. 2024

Int J Geriat Psychiatry

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ObjectiveThis study examined the relationship between precarious employment (PE) and mental well‐being, focusing on age‐specific interactions.MethodsNationally representative Korean workers (N = 29,961) were surveyed between 2020 and 2021 to collect data on multidimensional PE (categorized as low, moderate, or high) and the WHO‐5 well‐being index. Workers' ages were classified as young (<35 years), middle‐aged (35–54 years), and older (≥55 years). Logistic regression was performed to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The interaction between PE and age on well‐being was examined by including interaction terms in the regression models.ResultsThe prevalence of poor well‐being was 25%, 29%, and 39% for low, moderate, and high precariousness, respectively, whereas it was 26%, 30%, and 39% for young, middle‐aged, and older workers, respectively. In the overall sample, the OR (95% CI) of the association between PE and poor well‐being was 1.24 (1.17–1.32) for moderate and 1.54 (1.43–1.65) for high precariousness, compared with low precariousness. There was a significant interaction between old age and PE on the odds of poor well‐being. Compared with young workers with low PE, middle‐aged workers with high PE (OR: 1.85, 95% CI: 1.62–2.10) and older workers with high PE (OR: 2.10, 95% CI: 1.83–2.40) exhibited increased odds of having poor mental well‐being.ConclusionPE serves as a social determinant of older workers' psychological well‐being. Policy interventions are required to protect older workers' psychological well‐being.

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Precarious employment at a young age and labor-market marginalization during middle-adulthood: A register-linked cohort study

Cited by 7 publications

References 44 publications

Relationship between long working hours and smoking behaviors: Evidence from population-based cohort studies in Korea

Relationship between long working hours and smoking behaviors: Evidence from population-based cohort studies in Korea

Precarious employment in young adulthood and later alcohol-related morbidity: a register-based cohort study

Interaction between old age and precarious employment on poor mental well‐being in workers: Evidence from a nationally representative sample in Korea

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