Precancerous Lesion of the Cervix and Associated Factors Among Women of West Wollega, West Ethiopia, 2022

Abstract

Background Precancerous cervical lesion is an abnormality in the cells of the cervix that could eventually develop into cervical cancer. Cervical cancer is a public health problem that contributes to the death of women worldwide. In line with the high burden of the issue, the Ethiopian government had attempted to expand cervical cancer screening centers and recommendation of services to age-eligible as well as high-risk groups of women. Therefore, the study aimed to assess the prevalence of precancerous lesions of cervix cancer among women aged 30-49 years and associated factors in West Wollega. Method Facility-based analytic cross-sectional study design was conducted in selected hospitals of West Wollega from January 1- February 20, 2022, among 339 women. A face-to-face interview was conducted and the presence or absence of precancerous cervical lesion was tested by visual inspection with acetic acid. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 25. Variable with P-value <.25 in the bi-variable analysis were entered into multivariable logistic regression. Results with a P-value ≤ .05 at 95% confidence level were considered for statistical significance. Result The prevalence of precancerous cervical lesions was 27.4% (95% CI: 22.7%32.1%). The mean standard deviation of participants was 35.22 +6.32 years. More than half (63.4%) and 67.6% of them were regarded as having good knowledge and a favorable attitude towards precancerous cervical lesions respectively. History of menstrual irregularity had two folds higher odds of being diagnosed with the precancerous cervical lesion when compared with counterparts at, [AOR = 2.29(95% CI:1.29-4.04]. Women with a history of STI had 3.5 times higher odds of developing precancerous cervical lesion compared to women with no history of STI [AOR)=3.46(95% CI:1.94-6.18)], history of bleeding after sexual intercourse was 2.88 times more likely to have precancerous cervical lesion compared to those without it at [AOR=2.88(95% CI:1.43-5.78)]. Parity greater than or equal to five had 2.4 times higher odds of developing precancerous cervical lesions compared to women with parity less than five at [AOR=2.41(95% CI: 1.23-4.75)]. History of steroid use had 3.5 times higher odds of developing precancerous cervical lesion compared with opponents at [AOR=3.5(95% CI: 1.32-9.34) and women with an Unfavorable attitude towards screening for Cervical cancer screening, prevention, and control methods had 2.2 times higher odds of developing precancerous cervical lesion compared their counterpart at [AOR=2.15(95% CI: 1.21-3.83)]. Conclusion The precancerous cervical lesions continue to be a significant public health concern in Ethiopia. It will remain a significant cause of death of women unless effective screening methods like VIA and vaccination against HPV are scaled up. Furthermore, having a history of menstrual irregularities, STI, bleeding after coitus, parity greater than ≥5, steroid use, and having an unfavorable attitude towards screening factors are significantly associated with the occurrence of the precancerous lesion. Therefore, effective prevention approaches have to consider these factors for the control of cervical cancer in the early phase of the lesion.

Determinants of precancerous cervical lesion among HIV infected women on ART in Woldia comprehensive specialized hospital NorthEast Ethiopia

“…The odds of developing pre-cancerous cervical lesions among women with a history of sexually transmitted infections were higher than among women who had no history of STIs. This finding was consistent with the studies conducted in Southern Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, three referral Hospitals in Amhara region, North Shoa, and Wollega which revealed that women who had a history of sexually transmitted infection were at higher risk of developing precancerous cervical lesions infection [ 12 , 35 , 39 – 41 ]. This could be due to the sexually transmitted nature of HPV infection.…”

“…This could be because women who have had 2 or more lifetime sexual partners are more likely to develop precancerous cervical lesions, as the number of sexual partners increases; they are more likely to contract the HPV infection, which is the cause of cervical cancer and invasive cervical cancer. However, other studies done in selected hospitals of West Wollega showed that having a History of multiple sexual partners was not associated with the risk of precancerous cervical lesion development [ 39 ]. The possible reason for the difference might be the difference in the awareness level of sexual partners and/or the awareness level of commercial sex workers on the transmission and prevention methods of STI.…”

Screening for Precancerous Cervical Lesions in Women of Reproductive Age in the Kara Region of Togo in 2022

“…Hospital studies have also reported a very high prevalence of precancerous cervical lesions. This is the case of a study carried out on 339 women in Ethiopia, which reported a prevalence of pre-cancerous lesions of 27.4% [27]. Another study conducted in Ethiopia in 2021 among 293 women in hospitals reported a prevalence of 15.7% [23].…”

Factores de riesgo asociados a la displasia cervical en mujeres atendidas en un hospital peruano

“…OR: odds ratio, IC: intervalo de confianza, Inf: inferior, Sup: superior, p: prueba chi-cuadrado dIscusIón La neoplasia cervical representa un problema de salud pública pendiente para las naciones de ingresos altos y bajos. A nivel global la tasa de mortalidad alta por CCU podría mermar mediante un abordaje integral, que incluye la prevención, identificación de los factores de riesgo, temprana detección y eficaz tratamiento (15,16) . La identificación de los factores asociados para lesiones precancerosas de cuello uterino es relevante para que los encargados de formular políticas desarrollen estrategias preventivas.…”