Prebiotics and Probiotics for Gastrointestinal Disorders

Abstract

The complex role of the gut microbiome in the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal (GI) disorders is an emerging area of research, and there is considerable interest in understanding how diet can alter the composition and function of the microbiome. Prebiotics and probiotics have been shown to beneficially modulate the gut microbiome, which underlies their potential for benefit in GI conditions. Formulating specific recommendations for the public regarding these dietary supplements has been difficult due to the significant heterogeneity between strains, doses, and duration of treatment investigated across studies, as well as safety concerns with administering live organisms. This review aims to summarize the existing evidence for the use of prebiotics and probiotics in various GI disorders, paying special attention to strain-specific effects that emerged and any adverse effects noted.

Role of gut microbiota in regulating immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy for glioblastoma

“…By orally administering specific probiotics or prebiotics (such as dietary fiber, inulin, etc.) to regulate gut microbiota, promote beneficial bacterial growth, and inhibit harmful bacterial communities, it may indirectly improve the TME and overall therapeutic effect of cancer patients ( 42 ).…”

“…FMT may face difficulties in donor screening, suboptimal post-transplant bacterial colonization, and potential risks of disease transmission. In addition, the dynamic changes in gut microbiota may lead to unstable intervention effects (41)(42)(43).…”

Effectiveness of Psychobiotic Bifidobacterium breve BB05 in Managing Psychosomatic Diarrhea in College Students by Regulating Gut Microbiota: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial

“…The severity of the anxiety symptoms was measured using the Chinese version of the 14-item of Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA-14). The cut-offs for the HAMA-14 standard scores were defined as follows: Normal (0-7), mild or probable anxiety (8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14), moderate or definite anxiety (15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21), and severe anxiety (≥22). The depressive symptoms of students were assessed using the Chinese version of the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS-17).…”

“…The depressive symptoms of students were assessed using the Chinese version of the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS-17). The severity of the depression was classified according to the following severity range of the HAMD-17 score: Normal (0-7), mild depression (8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16), moderate depression (17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23), and severe depression (>23) [21].…”

“…Consistent evidence demonstrates the therapeutic effect of probiotics on diarrhea through improving the balance of gut microbiota, and the mechanisms may be associated with the competitive exclusion of intestinal pathogens, the production of antimicrobial compounds, and the stimulation of host immune response [14]. Currently, Bifidobacterium has shown its role in decreasing the stool frequency and diarrhea duration when compared with placebo [15][16][17]. In addition, Bifidobacterium is also confirmed to positively affect the CNS through modulating the microbiota-gut-brain axis [18].…”