Prebiotic reduction of brain histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity and olanzapine-mediated weight gain in rats, are acetate independent

Kao, Amy Chia-Ching; Chan, Ka Wai; Anthony, Daniel C.; Lennox, Belinda; Burnet, Philip W. J.

doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.02.014

Cited by 24 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…171 Once in the gut, prebiotic compounds are metabolized by the host microbiota and resulting metabolites, such as SCFAs, act on the brain through different pathways contributing to an effect on BBB permeability and neurological health (described above). Several animal studies have analyzed the effect of prebiotics on brain function [172][173][174][175][176] including modulating mood and stress responses by activating or supressing the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) or "stress" axis. Serum and salivary cortisol are reliable indicators of HPAactivation (stress) and can be modulated by pre-and/ or probiotics.…”

Section: Promoting Growth Of Beneficial Microbes Via Prebioticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut microbes and metabolites as modulators of blood-brain barrier integrity and brain health

2019

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The human gastrointestinal (gut) microbiota comprises diverse and dynamic populations of bacteria, archaea, viruses, fungi, and protozoa, coexisting in a mutualistic relationship with the host. When intestinal homeostasis is perturbed, the function of the gastrointestinal tract and other organ systems, including the brain, can be compromised. The gut microbiota is proposed to contribute to blood-brain barrier disruption and the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. While progress is being made, a better understanding of interactions between gut microbes and host cells, and the impact these have on signaling from gut to brain is now required. In this review, we summarise current evidence of the impact gut microbes and their metabolites have on blood-brain barrier integrity and brain function, and the communication networks between the gastrointestinal tract and brain, which they may modulate. We also discuss the potential of microbiota modulation strategies as therapeutic tools for promoting and restoring brain health.

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Section: Promoting Growth Of Beneficial Microbes Via Prebioticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut microbes and metabolites as modulators of blood-brain barrier integrity and brain health

2019

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“…The present review includes five preclinical studies investigating the preventive role of prebiotic/probiotic formulations against AP-induced gut dysbiosis, metabolic alterations, and dysregulated expression of different neurotransmitter receptors in rodents. 43 , 48 – 50 Two studies reported protective effects of the probiotic formulation VSL#3 (a freeze-dried mixture of Bifidobacterium spp., Lactobacillus spp., and Streptococcus thermophilus ) in rats 48 and in mice 50 treated with olanzapine. Specifically, VSL#3 reversed olanzapine-induced metabolic alterations (increased body weight, fasting glucose, serum total cholesterol and triglycerides, and decreased HDL levels) in Wistar rats.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 43 , 44 Considering the potential role of GMB in the pathogenesis of SCZ and AIMA, several prebiotics and probiotics have been examined to improve disease symptoms 45 , 46 and adverse metabolic effects associated with APs. 47 – 50 The present scoping review synthesizes current clinical and preclinical evidence examining the role of the GMB in SCZ and AIMA, including the use of prebiotic/probiotic formulations as a therapeutic adjunct. Improved understanding of the links between GMB, SCZ, and AIMA and the therapeutic potential of prebiotic/probiotic formulations can provide further insight into the complex pathology of SCZ and holds important implications for improving metabolic outcomes in these patients.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut microbiome in schizophrenia and antipsychotic-induced metabolic alterations: a scoping review

Singh

Stogios

Smith

et al. 2022

Therapeutic Advances in Psychopharmacology

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Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a severe mental disorder with high morbidity and lifetime disability rates. Patients with SCZ have a higher risk of developing metabolic comorbidities such as obesity and diabetes mellitus, leading to increased mortality. Antipsychotics (APs), which are the mainstay in the treatment of SCZ, increase the risk of these metabolic perturbations. Despite extensive research, the mechanism underlying SCZ pathophysiology and associated metabolic comorbidities remains unclear. In recent years, gut microbiota (GMB) has been regarded as a ‘chamber of secrets’, particularly in the context of severe mental illnesses such as SCZ, depression, and bipolar disorder. In this scoping review, we aimed to investigate the underlying role of GMB in the pathophysiology of SCZ and metabolic alterations associated with APs. Furthermore, we also explored the therapeutic benefits of prebiotic and probiotic formulations in managing SCZ and AP-induced metabolic alterations. A systematic literature search yielded 46 studies from both preclinical and clinical settings that met inclusion criteria for qualitative synthesis. Preliminary evidence from preclinical and clinical studies indicates that GMB composition changes are associated with SCZ pathogenesis and AP-induced metabolic perturbations. Fecal microbiota transplantation from SCZ patients to mice has been shown to induce SCZ-like behavioral phenotypes, further supporting the plausible role of GMB in SCZ pathogenesis. This scoping review recapitulates the preclinical and clinical evidence suggesting the role of GMB in SCZ symptomatology and metabolic adverse effects associated with APs. Moreover, this scoping review also discusses the therapeutic potentials of prebiotic/probiotic formulations in improving SCZ symptoms and attenuating metabolic alterations related to APs.

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“…The brain is connected to the gut in several ways, including the vagus nerve, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, hormones, and metabolites, as well as through the immune system (177). Additionally, gut microbes have been shown to metabolize ingested nutrients to produce signaling molecules involved in the regulation of the stress axis, energy homeostasis, and obesity (178)(179)(180). Also, gut microbes regulate bile acid metabolism to produce a range of metabolites, including short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), neurotransmitters, tiny protein molecules, and toxins (181).…”

Section: Gut -Brain-connectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the Effects of Antipsychotics on Appetite Control

et al. 2022

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Antipsychotic drugs (APDs) represent a cornerstone in the treatment of schizophrenia and other psychoses. The effectiveness of the first generation (typical) APDs are hampered by so-called extrapyramidal side effects, and they have gradually been replaced by second (atypical) and third-generation APDs, with less extrapyramidal side effects and, in some cases, improved efficacy. However, the use of many of the current APDs has been limited due to their propensity to stimulate appetite, weight gain, and increased risk for developing type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease in this patient group. The mechanisms behind the appetite-stimulating effects of the various APDs are not fully elucidated, partly because their diverse receptor binding profiles may affect different downstream pathways. It is critical to identify the molecular mechanisms underlying drug-induced hyperphagia, both because this may lead to the development of new APDs, with lower appetite-stimulating effects but also because such insight may provide new knowledge about appetite regulation in general. Hence, in this review, we discuss the receptor binding profile of various APDs in relation to the potential mechanisms by which they affect appetite.

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Prebiotic reduction of brain histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity and olanzapine-mediated weight gain in rats, are acetate independent

Cited by 24 publications

References 38 publications

Gut microbes and metabolites as modulators of blood-brain barrier integrity and brain health

Gut microbes and metabolites as modulators of blood-brain barrier integrity and brain health

Gut microbiome in schizophrenia and antipsychotic-induced metabolic alterations: a scoping review

Understanding the Effects of Antipsychotics on Appetite Control

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