Prebiotic and probiotic agents enhance antibody-based immune responses to Salmonella Typhimurium infection in pigs

Abstract

© 2014 Elsevier B.V.Salmonellosis causes significant economic losses to the pig industry and contaminated pork products are an important source of Salmonella for humans. The EU ban on the use of antibiotic growth promoters in pig production, and the emergence of antibiotic resistance has meant there is a pressing need for alternative control strategies for pathogenic bacteria such as S. Typhimurium in pigs. Here, we determined the effects of prebiotic, probiotic and synbiotic diet regimes on antibody responses to oral Salmonella challenge of pigs. The data demonstrate that the inclusion of the probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum B2984 in the diet of piglets (~1×1010cfu/animal/day) enhanced serum IgM (P<0.001), IgG (P=0.001) and IgA (P=0.039) responses to S. Typhimurium infection including cross-reacting antibodies to S. Enteritidis. Similarly, inclusion of the prebiotic lactulose at 1% (w/w) of the feed on a daily basis in the diet enhanced serum IgM (P=0.010), IgG (P=0.004) and IgA (P=0.046) responses to S. Typhimurium infection and also cross-reacting antibodies to S. Enteritidis. Inclusion of both additives in the synbiotic diet also elicited an enhanced immune response with IgM (P=0.009) and IgG (P=0.046) levels being increased, however a significant interaction of the pre and probiotics was observed when considering the immune responses to S. Typhimurium (IgM P=0.004; IgG and IgA, P<0.001 for interaction). With respect to immune responses, the effects of pre or probiotic administration were the same or reduced in the synbiotic diet compared to when used in isolation. The data support the use of Lactobacillus plantarum B2984 or lactulose as strategies to contribute to the protection of weaned piglets from zoonotic bacterial pathogens, but caution must be taken when combining dietary supplements as combinations can interact

Effects of probiotics on growth performance, blood parameters, and antibody stimulation in piglets

“…Piglets fed probiotics had higher concentration of IgG than piglets fed positive and negative control feed. This significant increase of IgG in the probiotic group could be due to the persistent of probiotic bacteria in the intestinal tract and acting as immune adjuvant to the immune system and therefore stimulating IgG production (Naqid et al, 2015). …”

Development of Swine’s Digestive Tract Microbiota and Its Relation to Production Indices—A Review

“…In addition, probiotics provide the possibility to manipulate the microbiome, especially in young animals, in order to achieve better animal health, welfare and productivity. Probiotics cause a decrease in pH to acidic in the digestive system, compete with pathogens for nutrients and adhesion to intestinal epithelial receptors, and release antimicrobial and toxin inactivating substances [54,[63][64][65]. They influence the stabilization of intestinal microbiota, increase the absorption surface (growth of intestinal villi), improve the digestibility of dry matter, lead to better use of feed and, above all, reduce the incidence of diarrhea in piglets [66,67].…”

The Effect of Probiotics on Immune System

“…Also, the use of probiotics can protect the host against infection, reduce harmful bacteria, and stimulate immune response. However, more researches should be done to show the accurate probiotic mechanism to apply them better for clinical purpose [8][9][10][11]. As we can see in the recent studies, microbiota like L. plantarum ZDY 2013 and L. fermentum UCO-979C have a great impact on the constraint of production of pro-inflammatory cytokines by H. pylori infection.…”