Prebiotic and Immunomodulatory Properties of the Microalga Chlorella vulgaris and Its Synergistic Triglyceride-Lowering Effect with Bifidobacteria

Hyršlová, Ivana; Krausová, Gabriela; Smolová, Jana; Staňková, Barbora; Brányik, Tomáš; Malínská, Hana; Hüttl, Martina; Kaňa, Antonín; Doskočil, Ivo; Čurda, L.

doi:10.3390/fermentation7030125

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…For example, S. platensis is capable of synthesizing iodine-containing compounds of a hormonal nature, thyroxine and triiodothyronine, which are easily digestible by the human body. The prospect of using unicellular green algae for the biosynthesis of secondary compounds such as alkaloids, steroids, and vitamins is very appealing [ 200 ].…”

Section: Macroalgaementioning

confidence: 99%

Algae: Study of Edible and Biologically Active Fractions, Their Properties and Applications

Babich

Сухих

Larina

et al. 2022

Plants

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The beneficial properties of algae make them perfect functional ingredients for food products. Algae have a high energy value and are a source of biologically active substances, proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins, and macro- and microelements. They are also rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids, proteins, mycosporine-like amino acids, polysaccharides, polyphenols, carotenoids, sterols, steroids, lectins, halogenated compounds, polyketides, alkaloids, and carrageenans. Different extraction parameters are used depending on the purpose and the substances to be isolated. In this study, the following parameters were used: hydromodule 1:10 and an extraction duration of 1–2 h at the extraction temperature of 25–40 °C. A 30–50% solution of ethanol in water was used as an extractant. Algae extracts can be considered as potential natural sources of biologically active compounds with antimicrobial activity and antiviral properties. The content of crude protein, crude fat, and carbohydrates in U. Prolifera, C. racemosa var. peltata (Chlorophyta), S. oligocystum and S. fusiforme (SF-1) was studied. It was found that C. muelleri (Bacillariophyta), I. galbana (Haptophyta), and T. weissflogii (Bacillariophyta) contain about 1.9 times more omega-3 than omega-6 fatty acids. N. gaditana (Ochrophyta), D. salina (Chlorophyta), P. tricornutum (Bacillaryophyta) and I. galbana (Haptophyta) extracts showed inhibitory activity of varying intensities against E. coli or P. aeruginosa. In addition, algae and algae-derived compounds have been proposed to offer attractive possibilities in the food industry, especially in the meat sector, to evolve functional foods with myriad functionalities. Algae can increase the biological activity of food products, while the further study of the structure of compounds found in algae can broaden their future application possibilities.

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Section: Macroalgaementioning

confidence: 99%

Algae: Study of Edible and Biologically Active Fractions, Their Properties and Applications

Babich

Сухих

Larina

et al. 2022

Plants

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“…Although numerous strains of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus species have been reported to alleviate cholesterol both in vivo and in vitro , very limited reports are available for the hypocholesterolemic effect of the Enterococcus strains (Tomaro-Duchesneau et al, 2014 ; Shehata et al, 2016 ; Hyrslova et al, 2021 ; Marras et al, 2021 ; Yang et al, 2021 ; Kouhi et al, 2022 ). Thus, this study has aimed to determine the beneficial effects of probiotic Enterococcus durans HS03 (BSH-negative) and Enterococcus lactis YY1 (BSH-positive) on lipid metabolism in Sprague–Dawley rats fed with a high-cholesterol diet.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revealing Probiotic Potential of Enterococcus Strains Isolated From Traditionally Fermented Chhurpi and Healthy Human Gut

Ghatani

Thapa

Sha³

et al. 2022

Front. Microbiol.

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In this study, the two lactic acid bacterial strains Enterococcus durans and Enterococcus lactis previously isolated from soft chhurpi, a traditionally fermented milk product prepared by the indigenous community of Sikkim Himalayas and healthy human gut were used. In this study, we attempted to investigate the probiotic attributes, safety, and health beneficial role, and hypercholesterolemia of Enterococcus durans and Enterococcus lactis. Both probiotic potential strains showed good hypocholesterolemic activity in vitro along with tolerance to acid pH (2 and 2.5), tolerance to three bile salts, oxbile, cholic acid, and taurocholic acid (0.5 and 1%), presence of BSH enzyme and its activity, and cell surface adherence. On assessing for safety, both LAB strains were sensitive to antibiotics and exhibited no hemolytic activity. The probiotic strains were tested in vivo in the Sprague–Dawley rats which were divided into five experimental groups: Normal Control (ND), probiotic strain Enterococcus durans HS03 (BSH-negative) and high-cholesterol diet (HCD1), probiotic strain Enterococcus lactis YY1 (BSH-positive) and high-cholesterol diet (HCD2), and a combination of both strains and high-cholesterol diet (HCD3) and Negative Control (HCD). The probiotic-treated groups HCD1, HCD2, and HCD3 showed a decrease in serum cholesterol levels up to 22.55, 6.67, and 31.06%; the TG and VLDL concentrations were 25.39, 26.3, and 33.21%; reduction in LDL-cholesterol was 33.66, 28.50, and 35.87%; and increase of HDL was 38.32, 47.9, and 41.92%. Similarly, the effects of total cholesterol and TG in the liver, kidney and liver histopathology, liver and body lipid index, and oxidative stress in rat liver were also studied. The fecal lactobacilli were more in the samples of the probiotic-treated groups and their fecal coliform and E. coli counts decreased relatively as compared to the control groups in 0, 7, 14, and 21 days. This is the first report on the probiotic potential of Enterococcus durans HS03 and Enterococcus lactis YY1 strains that gives a new insight into the cholesterol-lowering and probiotic product development with wide health attributes.

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“…Cholesterol is partially obtained from the diet, by consumption of animal-derived products, and from de novo biosynthesis in the liver 35 . Even if a pattern of increase was promoted by CH for total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and VLDL-cholesterol, not in agreement with previous studies 33 , these variations were positively counterbalanced by a rise in HDL-cholesterol in piglets fed the exogenous enzymes, putatively leading to healthy cardiovascular functions 36 , 37 . The reverse cholesterol transport is the mechanism by which the organism removes excess cholesterol from peripheral tissues and delivers it to the liver, where it will be redistributed to other tissues or removed from the organism, being HDL-cholesterol the main lipoprotein responsible for this process.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 51%

“…Upon infection, the IgM level will rise for a short time and then it will begin to drop as the IgG levels increase, protecting the organism in the long-term 32 . In fact, CH polysaccharides, carotenoids and pigments have already shown strong immunomodulatory activities and recent evidence demonstrated the prebiotic effect of CH powder in treated rats 33 . The main action of prebiotics is to stimulate growth and/or activate metabolism of protective bacteria in the intestinal tract, thus benefiting intestinal microbiome, and ultimately, piglets’ health.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of dietary Chlorella vulgaris and feed enzymes on health status, immune response and liver metabolites in weaned piglets

Martins

Lopes

Palma

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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In this study, we analysed the impact of dietary inclusion of Chlorella vulgaris and carbohydrases on general health, redox status, immune response, liver lipids and metabolites in weaned piglets. Forty-four male piglets were allocated into four diets: control (n = 11), CH (control diet with 5% CH, n = 10), CH+R (control diet with 5% CH plus 0.005% Rovabio Excel AP, n = 10), and CH+M (control diet with 5% CH plus 0.01% of a pre-selected four-CAZyme mixture, n = 11). After 15 days of trial, animals were slaughtered and samples of blood and liver collected. Spectrophotometry methods and commercial kits were used to determine blood parameters and gas and liquid chromatography for hepatic fatty acid and chlorophylls profiles, respectively. While total, LDL- and VLDL-cholesterol were increased by CH, the opposite was recorded for HDL-cholesterol (p < 0.001). Piglets fed CH-based diets presented an increase of IgG and a decrease of IgM (p < 0.001) which along with lymphocytes exacerbation contributed for piglets’ survival after weaning. n−6 PUFA were reduced in piglets fed CH and the opposite occurred for n−3 PUFA (p < 0.001), thus benefiting n−6/n−3 ratio in the liver. Chlorophylls amount was not changed by the use of Rovabio or enzymatic mixture. The discriminant analysis applied to hepatic parameters revealed a clear separation between control and CH-based diets but failed to discriminate feed enzymes. Our findings indicate health promoting effects of CH as feed ingredient in piglets’ nutrition at weaning, without negatively impacting on animals’ performance.

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Prebiotic and Immunomodulatory Properties of the Microalga Chlorella vulgaris and Its Synergistic Triglyceride-Lowering Effect with Bifidobacteria

Cited by 12 publications

References 39 publications

Algae: Study of Edible and Biologically Active Fractions, Their Properties and Applications

Algae: Study of Edible and Biologically Active Fractions, Their Properties and Applications

Revealing Probiotic Potential of Enterococcus Strains Isolated From Traditionally Fermented Chhurpi and Healthy Human Gut

Impact of dietary Chlorella vulgaris and feed enzymes on health status, immune response and liver metabolites in weaned piglets

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