Prebasic molt of the northern oriole

Sealy, Spencer G.

doi:10.1139/z79-191

Cited by 18 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…We do not describe the postbreeding molts for either form. For galhula the fall molts have already been described (Sealy 1979(Sealy , 1986 and for bullockii so few specimens have been collected in either the first or definitive prebasic molt that descriptions of the extent, rate, and sequence of these molts would be premature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in Timing and Number of Molts for Baltimore and Bullock's Orioles: Implications to Hybrid Fitness and Theories of Delayed Plumage Maturation

Rohwer¹,

Manning²

1990

The Condor

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We compare the molt and migration schedules of Baltimore (Zcterus g. galbula) and Bullock' s (I. g. bullock@ orioles, describe how bullockii and Black-backed Orioles (I. g. abeillei) in juvenile plumage can be distinguished, and present a simple quantitative character that serves to distinguish the juvenile and basic plumages of bullockii. Galbula undergoes the first and later prebasic molts on the breeding grounds, while bullockii in both juvenile and worn breeding plumage almost certainly migrate to the American southwest prior to undertaking the fall molts. This early migration by bullockii has probably been favored as a mechanism for them to escape the dry late summer conditions that prevail in most of their breeding range and to exploit for molting the food flush caused by the late summer monsoon rains in the southwest. With but one exception, every bullockii specimen taken in late summer or fall south of the breeding range in Mexico was in fresh basic plumage. Thus, the fall migration of bullockii may be interrupted for the prebasic molts. Bullockii almost entirely lacks a prealtemate molt in all sex and age classes. The prealtemate molt in galbula is fairly extensive in first-year males but limited in females and in older males. First year galbula males initiate this molt in their throat in early winter, perhaps to acquire a badge that helps distinguish them from first-year females, which have light throats, and from those older females that have light throats. Some galbula males that are almost a year old also undergo part of the prealtemate molt after their arrival on the breeding grounds. Implications of these observations for theories of subadult plumages are discussed. These differences between galbula and bullockii in the timing of the fall molts relative to the fall migration and in having or not having a prealtemate molt may provide strong sources of selection against hybrids. One specimen illustrating some of the potentially deleterious recombinations of molt and migration schedules among hybrids is described in detail.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in Timing and Number of Molts for Baltimore and Bullock's Orioles: Implications to Hybrid Fitness and Theories of Delayed Plumage Maturation

Rohwer¹,

Manning²

1990

The Condor

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“…before 1 August). In addition, Rappole and Ballard (1987) Nolan 1978, Sealy 1979, Cherry 1985, Chernetsov 1998.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Breeding and Postbreeding Movements and Habitat Requirements for the Scarlet Tanager (Piranga olivacea) in Virginia

McShea¹,

Rappole²

2003

The Auk

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ABSTRACT•We investigated movements and habitat use during breeding and postbreeding periods in Scarlet Tanagers (Piranga olivácea) during June-September 1998 in northern Virginia deciduous forest. Nine birds (8 males and 1 female) remained on the same home range during both breeding and postbreeding periods, whereas 11 birds (9 males and 2 females) shifted home range (>300 m) between periods. Breeding season home-range size ranged from 2.6 to 5.6 ha (95% kernel), and core area from 0.61 to 0.93 ha (50% kernel). Postbreeding home ranges were similar in size to home range during the breeding period for birds that remained in the vicinity of nesting areas, but were larger for birds that moved away from the nesting area. Scarlet Tanagers occurred in both mature and successional forest during breeding and postbreeding periods, with some indication of increased use of earlier successional stages during the postbreeding period. Needs for Scarlet Tanagers during the postbreeding period (molt, premigratory fattening) differ from those during the breeding period (pair formation, nest placement, rearing of young). Those differences provide a plausible explanation that all tanagers changed focal areas between breeding and postbreeding periods. These findings confirm the need for taking the postbreeding period into account, both for understanding migrant life history and successful conservation. RESUMEN.•De junio a septiembre de 1998 estudiamos los movimientos y el uso del habitat de Piranga olivácea durante los periodos reproductivo y post-reproductivo, en los bosques caducifolios del norte de Virginia. Nueve individuos (ocho machos y una hembra) permanecieron en el mismo ámbito hogareño durante ambos periodos, mientas que 11 individuos (nueve machos y dos hembras) cambiaron de ámbito hogareño (>300 m) entre periodos. El ámbito hogareño durante el periodo reproductivo varió entre 2.6-5.6 ha (95% kernel), y el área núcleo varió de 0.61-0.93 ha (50% kernel). Los ámbitos hogareños durante el periodo reproductivo fueron similares en tamaño a los del periodo post-reproductivo en individuos que permanecieron en la vecindad de los sitios de anidación, pero fueron mayores en aquellos individuos que se movieron fuera de los sitios de anidación. P. olivácea ocurrió en bosques maduros y sucesionales durante ambos periodos reproductivo y post-reproductivo, aunque la tendencia al uso de estadios sucesionales se incrementó en el periodo post-reproductivo. Las necesidades de P. olivácea durante el periodo reproductivo (muda, acumulación pre-migratoria de grasa) difieren de aquellas durante el periodo reproductivo (formación de parejas, localización del nido, cría de los pollos). Estas diferencias proveen de una explicación posible para el hecho que todos los individuos de P. olivácea cambiaran el área focal entre los periodos reproductivo y post-reproductivo. Estos hallazgos confirman la necesidad de considerar el periodo post-reproductivo para mejorar nuestro conocimiento de la historia de vida de especies migratorias e incrementar el é...

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“…Birds from nesting colonies in both the southern Rift and Awash Valley were examined for evidence of previous breeding, such as adults with interrupted moult (see Ginn &Melville 1983 andHarper 1984 for moult terminology) and older juveniles. T h e progress of primary wing-moult was quantified by scoring individual primaries of the right wing, from inside to out, using the 0-5 point system (after Sealy 1979). A score of 0 indicates that the moult has not yet begun, and a score of 45 that it was completed.…”

Section: Study Area and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Queleas had previously been found nesting in southwestern Ethiopia during May andJune 1979 and1980, and500 to 700 km to the northeast in the Awash River Valley from mid-August to October 1978,1979(Jaeger et al 1979, Jaeger & Erickson 1980, Bruggers & Jaeger 1982. Previous evidence based on timing of seasonal rains in relation to the presence of Queleas in both areas; interrupted primary wing-moult (Harper 1984) in Awash colony adults; two-to three-monthold juveniles collected in association with the Awash colonies; and similarity in the shape of the facial mask of males from both areas suggested that the same birds could be breeding in both areas.…”

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confidence: 99%

Evidence of itinerant breeding of the Red‐billed Quelea Quelea quelea in the Ethiopian Rift Valley

Jaeger

Bruggers

Johns

et al. 1986

Ibis

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This paper provides evidence for itinerant breeding by Red‐billed Quelea Quelea quelea in the Ethiopian Rift Valley. Queleas were mass‐marked with aerially applied fluorescent particles in two separate nesting areas in southwestern Ethiopia during June 1981. Marked adults from both areas were recovered from nesting colonies in the Awash River Valley during August and September, up to 100 days post‐spray and between 500 and 700 km to the north of the spray sites. In the Awash colonies, the presence of marked adults in breeding plumage with interrupted primary wing‐moult, together with two age classes of juveniles, suggests that this was the second nesting. The progress of both the post‐breeding and post‐juvenal primary moults was consistent with an earlier breeding in May and June. The timing of the arrival and departure of birds from these nesting areas also supported the occurrence of double breeding by the same birds. Furthermore, the composition of black facial mask types of adult males was more similar between samples from the southern Ethiopian Rift and Awash Valley than between samples from either of these areas and samples from outside the Rift, providing additional evidence that the same population of birds bred in these two areas of the Rift Valley. Nesting colonies in both areas were scattered in time and space. Colonies in the Awash were distributed for more than 300 km and were established over a two‐month period, which coincided with local differences in the timing of the seeding in grasses. This wide distribution probably increases nesting success in such areas of locally variable rainfall. This contrasts with a stategy of mass migration, where concentrated breeding occurs where and when suitable conditions are first encountered. Knowledge of the location and timing of previously successful nesting areas may increase the success of itinerant breeding, as Queleas seem to use the same areas in successive years if conditions are favourable. Recoveries of marked birds in the Awash were segregated according to both spray site and sex, suggesting some degree of group cohesion by sex from the first to the second nesting. We speculate that post‐nesting group cohesion of adults may provide a means to maintain the integrity of collective group information on seasonal movements. Group cohesion may be facilitated by the high degree of nesting synchrony within colonies.

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Prebasic molt of the northern oriole

Cited by 18 publications

References 18 publications

Differences in Timing and Number of Molts for Baltimore and Bullock's Orioles: Implications to Hybrid Fitness and Theories of Delayed Plumage Maturation

Differences in Timing and Number of Molts for Baltimore and Bullock's Orioles: Implications to Hybrid Fitness and Theories of Delayed Plumage Maturation

Comparison of Breeding and Postbreeding Movements and Habitat Requirements for the Scarlet Tanager (Piranga olivacea) in Virginia

Evidence of itinerant breeding of the Red‐billed Quelea Quelea quelea in the Ethiopian Rift Valley

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