Preabsorptive factors are not the main determinants of intake depression induced by a high-protein diet in the rat

L'Heureux-Bouron, Diane; Tomé, Daniel; Bensaı̈d, Ahmed; Morens, Céline; Lacroix, Magali; Huneau, Jean François; Fromentin, Gilles

doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2004.02.029

Cited by 16 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Extricating the impact of protein on food flavour from the physiological impact of protein post-ingestion is likely to depend on results in the future from experimental designs using non-oral loads. Animal research findings do suggest there is an immediacy to the effects of protein upon satiety which may not be a direct result of orosensory characteristics such as palatability, but arise from a system of early protein detection and/or postabsorptive factors [45,46]. Our data lends support to these findings and indicate that either some form of direct detection of protein is important, or that later post absorptive phases are not as critical as previously thought.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

Satiating effects of protein but not carbohydrate consumed in a between-meal beverage context

Bertenshaw¹,

Lluch²,

Yeomans³

2008

Physiology & Behavior

118

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Previous research has suggested that protein is the most satiating macronutrient; however some experiments have found no difference in satiating efficiency of protein and carbohydrate during short intervals after consumption. There is also evidence that the satiating effects of carbohydrate are minimal when in a beverage rather than solid context. To evaluate whether protein-based satiety was evident in a drink context, and clarify further effects of preload time on satiety, the present study compared iso-energetic dairy fruit drink preloads ( approximately 1250 kJ), differing in macronutrient composition and consumed at two time intervals in the morning. Using a counterbalanced within-subjects design, 18 unrestrained lean male volunteers consumed 300 ml of carbohydrate-enriched (CHO), protein-enriched and low-energy control (327 kJ) dairy fruit drinks, 120 min and 30 min before an ad libitum lunch. Significantly less energy was consumed at lunch after the protein (3234 kJ) compared to the control (3468 kJ, p<0.05) and CHO preloads (3588 kJ, p<0.05). However, this was not sufficient to show complete energy compensation. Preload time of consumption did not impact upon any measures. Only satiety ratings at the beginning of lunch varied significantly by preload type, reflecting differences in test meal intake. These findings are consistent with previous research that protein is more satiating than carbohydrate. The roles of sensory and hedonic characteristics are discussed.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

Satiating effects of protein but not carbohydrate consumed in a between-meal beverage context

Bertenshaw¹,

Lluch²,

Yeomans³

2008

Physiology & Behavior

118

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“…An alternative hypothesis to HC being beneficial for nutritionally compromised individuals is that HC's more easily or quickly absorbed nutrient load, especially at higher protein concentrations, would actually be a deterrent because of its potentially greater disruption to homeostatic systems [43]. High protein levels have been shown to decrease intake levels, although the role of sensory versus post-ingestive feedback is far from being understood [e.g., 54,55].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Avoidance of hydrolyzed casein by mice

Field

Kimball

Mennella

et al. 2008

Physiology & Behavior

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When casein, a milk protein, is hydrolyzed, it renders human foods that contain it (e.g., hypoallergenic infant formula, cheeses) distasteful to many people. This rejection of hydrolyzed casein (HC)-containing foods has recently been found to also occur in a non-human species (deer, Odocoileus spp.). Identifying other animals that avoid HC would facilitate understanding how and why HC-containing food is often rejected. This study determined whether HC-containing food is avoided by Mus musculus and whether consumption patterns were sensitive to testing conditions, specifically food form (powder, pellet or dough) and food access (ad libitum or 1.5 h/day following 6 h of food deprivation). Diets were offered in two-choice tests that paired an HC-containing food with an intact casein-containing alternative at seven protein concentrations (0%-50% w/w). Five experimental groups were tested under different combinations of food form and food access. Three groups (ad lib/powder, ad lib/pellet, and 1.5 h/pellet) avoided the HC diet starting at the 30% protein level. At the 40% and 50% protein levels, all groups showed strong avoidance of HC. Although testing conditions influenced total caloric intake and body weight gain, avoidance of HC at the highest concentrations was robust to the manipulations in experimental conditions. Our study suggests that mice may be a useful model for understanding the mechanisms of HC rejection.

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“…Convergent functional and anatomical evidence in rats established that the high-protein diet effect is due to an increased satiety signaling rather than a low palatability of the diet or the induction of the conditioned taste aversion (20). Although an earlier study points to an initial orosensory preabsorptive poor palatability (37), subsequent results obtained using two choices and flavor testing, behavioral satiety sequence, taste reactivity in response to different percentages or sources of proteins support that the determinant of reduced daily energy intake in rats eating a high-protein diet is a protein-specific food intake-suppressive mechanism (4,5,19,30,31). Of relevance are also choice study experiments showing that rats select a casein-containing diet (40% protein) over other proteins (46), further supporting the enhanced acceptability of casein used in the present study (50% protein from casein, 52% protein in total).…”

Section: Table 2 Fold-changes In Intestinal Hormones After 2-h Dark-mentioning

confidence: 99%

High-protein diet selectively reduces fat mass and improves glucose tolerance in Western-type diet-induced obese rats

Stengel

Goebel-Stengel

Wang

et al. 2013

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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-Obesity is an increasing health problem. Because drug treatments are limited, diets remain popular. High-protein diets (HPD) reduce body weight (BW), although the mechanisms are unclear. We investigated physiological mechanisms altered by switching diet induced obesity (DIO) rats from Western-type diet (WTD) to HPD. Male rats were fed standard (SD) or WTD (45% calories from fat). After developing DIO (50% of rats), they were switched to SD (15% calories from protein) or HPD (52% calories from protein) for up to 4 weeks. Food intake (FI), BW, body composition, glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, and intestinal hormone plasma levels were monitored. Rats fed WTD showed an increased FI and had a 25% greater BW gain after 9 wk compared with SD (P Ͻ 0.05). Diet-induced obese rats switched from WTD to HPD reduced daily FI by 30% on day 1, which lasted to day 9 (Ϫ9%) and decreased BW during the 2-wk period compared with SD/SD (P Ͻ 0.05). During these 2 wk, WTD/HPD rats lost 72% more fat mass than WTD/SD (P Ͻ 0.05), whereas lean mass was unaltered. WTD/HPD rats had lower blood glucose than WTD/SD at 30 min postglucose gavage (P Ͻ 0.05). The increase of pancreatic polypeptide and peptide YY during the 2-h dark-phase feeding was higher in WTD/HPD compared with WTD/SD (P Ͻ 0.05). These data indicate that HPD reduces BW in WTD rats, which may be related to decreased FI and the selective reduction of fat mass accompanied by improved glucose tolerance, suggesting relevant benefits of HPD in the treatment of obesity. diet-induced obesity; food intake; high-protein diet; gut hormones OBESITY HAS BECOME EPIDEMIC, and by the year 2030, half of the adult population is predicted to be obese in the United States (54). Its prevalence is expanding worldwide in industrialized countries and spreading also to less developed countries; therefore "globesity" is taking over many parts of the world (see World Health Organization homepage). The plethora of health consequences related to obesity involves increased risk of developing adult-onset Type 2 diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, arteriosclerosis, and certain forms of cancer, including colorectal and pancreatic cancer (25). Therefore, obesity represents a major medical problem in the United States, and 12% of the entire health care costs are spent taking care of obesity-related comorbidities (52). A modest 5 to 10% body weight loss in obese subjects has been shown to result in improvements of these metabolic disturbances (21, 53).Although two antiobesity drugs have recently been approved, drug treatment options are still very limited (26), and therefore, dietary interventions remain popular. In particular, the use of a high-protein diet is considered a beneficial strategy to achieve a long-term reduction in body weight (8,22,47,48). However, the means by which an isocaloric high-protein diet reduces body weight are not well understood. There is some evidence that protein decreases appetite by increasing anorexigenic signaling (16,34,55) and stimulates thermogenesis (13,57,58) in experi...

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Preabsorptive factors are not the main determinants of intake depression induced by a high-protein diet in the rat

Cited by 16 publications

References 24 publications

Satiating effects of protein but not carbohydrate consumed in a between-meal beverage context

Satiating effects of protein but not carbohydrate consumed in a between-meal beverage context

Avoidance of hydrolyzed casein by mice

High-protein diet selectively reduces fat mass and improves glucose tolerance in Western-type diet-induced obese rats

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