Pre-Weaning Morbidity and Mortality of Crossbred Calves in Bahir Dar Zuria and Gozamen Districts of Amhara Region, Northwest Ethiopia

Ferede, Yeshwas; Mazengia, Hailu; Bimrew, Tewodros; Bitew, Addisu; Nega, Mohammed; Kebede, Abebaw

doi:10.4236/oalib.1100600

Cited by 23 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Similar observations were also made by other authors (Wudu et al, 2008;Ferede et al, 2014). The overall mortality of calf diseases was 6.29% which was lower than many previous reports like 9.3%, 71.1% and 30.7% of Megersa et al (2009), Hossain et al (2013) and Ferede et al (2014), respectively. This difference might be due to better health management.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Incidence of Calf Morbidity and Mortality at CIG Dairy Farms of Muktagacha Upazila in Mymensingh District

Islam

Rahman

Nahar

et al. 2015

Bangl. J. Vet. Med.

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Calf morbidity and mortality are important causes of economic losses on dairy farms worldwide. An investigation on the incidence of calf morbidity and mortality was conducted on 92 purposively selected CIG (Common Interest Group) dairy farms in Muktagacha upazila of Mymensingh district. A total of 119 calves from the farms were longitudinally followed from August 2014 to November 2014 for major health problems. Representative fecal samples from diarrhoeic calves were tested to identify gastro-enteropathogens associated with diarrhea by rapid detection test kit (Bio K 306). The overall incidence risk of morbidity and mortality were 56.17% and 6.29%, respectively. The most frequent disease syndrome was diarrhea with incidence risk of 34.82% followed by navel ill (7.22%) and pneumonia (6.29%). In addition, fever, arthritis, pica and foot and mouth disease were encountered. The main causes of death in calf were pneumonia (3.739%) and FMD (1.78%). A variety of infectious agents are implicated in calf diarrhea and co-infection of multiple pathogens is not uncommon. The overall prevalence of microorganisms associated with diarrhea was 69.2% in which Clostridium perfringens was the highest (38.5%) within the first month of age. The prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp within first month of age was 7.7%. In this study, mixed infection with Clostridium perfringens and Cryptosporidium spp or Corona virus was found in 7.7% of diarrheic calves within 10 days of the age. It is now established that calf morbidity and mortality are an important limiting factors for the success of modern dairy farms and accordingly vigorous and comprehensive research should be taken to minimize the problem.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Incidence of Calf Morbidity and Mortality at CIG Dairy Farms of Muktagacha Upazila in Mymensingh District

Islam

Rahman

Nahar

et al. 2015

Bangl. J. Vet. Med.

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“…The current finding is in agreement with Ferede (2013) finding. The justification why the parasitic eggs prevalence were higher in female than male is related the biological activity of the animals.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

“…The high prevalence of the parasitic egg in female than male was previously reported by Ferede (2013) from Ethiopia. The current finding is in agreement with Ferede (2013) finding.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 51%

“…In the current study the prevalence of parasitic egg was 55.81% in cross breed and 28.5% in local or Horo breed. The statistically significant difference between cross and local breed was previously reported by (Ferede, 2013). The reason why the prevalence of the disease is high in cross breed than local breed is because cross breed were highly productive and susceptible to disease.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

“…They cause lowered productivity, cause mortality, and high economic losses affecting the income of small holder dairy farming communities (Ferede, 2013). Cattle of all ages become infected with many species of parasites.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Study on gastro intestinal parasite of cattle at Horoguduru Animal Production and Research Center of Wollega University, Oromia, Ethiopia

Beyene¹

2018

Sci. Technol. Arts Res. J.

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Article InformationCross sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence of gastro intestinal parasite and protozoan emeria, to determine the common risk factor and to identify the commonly existing parasitic eggs at Horoguduru animal production and research center of Wollega University. To determine the sample size, an expected prevalence of 50% was taken into consideration since there was no research work on gastro intestinal parasitic eggs at the center. 384 animals' fecal samples were collected directly from the rectum of cattle into a universal bottle containing 10% formalin and transported to the laboratory for examination. Carpological examination was done at Wollega University Shambu campus animal science and, food and nutrition department. Coprological examinations were made within 12 hours after sample collection. Eggs of nematode, cestode and trimatodes were identified. In this study egg of paramphistomum, fasciola, haemonchus, strongylus and monezia are the commonly identified eggs by floatation and sedimentation techniques. Sedimentation technique was used to detect the presence of fluke eggs in the fecal samples. The result showed that the overall prevalence of gastro intestinal parasite is 133/384 (34.6%).The result showed that the prevalence were 27.8% in young age group, 40% in adult age group and 35.4% in old age group. The result also reported that the prevalence of the parasite was 48/86(55.81%) in cross breed and 85/298(28.5%) in local breed. The study depicted that the prevalence of the parasitic egg are 88/219(40.18%) in female animals and 45/165 (27.27%) in male animals. In this study from the total of 134 infected animals 85/134(63%) were infected by single infection and49/134 (36.57%) were infected at least with two different genera of gastro intestinal and protozoan parasites. The prevalence of eggs of each single infection were Paramphistomum 27/85(31.76%), Fasciola 17/85(20%), Ascaris 15/85(17.95%), Monezia 9/85(10.59%), Tricuris 7/85(8.24%), Strongyloid types 6/85(7.06%), Haemonchus 2/85(2.53%), and 1/85(1.18%) of Nematodurous and Emeria It also showed that from the total of multiple infections 9/49(18.36%) was infected with three types of parasitic genera and 40/49 (81.63%) were infected with two different genera. In conclusion separate grazing land for young animals (calves), separate Water and feed trough for different age category and risk factors based strategic deworming were recommended.

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Incidence of morbidity and mortality in calves from birth to six months of age and associated risk factors on dairy farms in Hawassa city, southern Ethiopia

Hordofa¹,

Abunna

Megersa

et al. 2021

Heliyon

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Calf morbidity and mortality are major causes of economic losses on dairy farms worldwide, with a far greater impact in developing countries such as Ethiopia. A prospective longitudinal study on dairy farms in the city of Hawassa was conducted between August 2018 and July 2019, to estimate the cumulative incidence of calf morbidity and mortality and to identify the associated risk factors. For this purpose, 221 calves from 20 farms were examined every 15 days from birth to the age of six months. We used the Kaplan Meier (K-M) method, log rank test, and Cox proportional hazards regression to analyze the data. Of the calves examined, 48.4% (n = 107) had various clinically visible health problems, while 19.5% (n = 43) died from various causes. Using the K-M method, the cumulative incidence of all-cause morbidity at the end of the sixth month of life was 50.12% (95% CI: 43.58%–57.05%), while the cumulative incidence of all-cause mortality was 20.04% (95% CI: 12.56%–26.06%). The most commonly diagnosed disease syndrome was diarrhea (64.5%), followed by pneumonia (15%), septicemia (6.5%), joint disease (4.7%), conjunctivitis (3.7%), umbilical infections (2, 8%) and other unknown causes (11.2%). Diarrhea was also the leading cause of death (46.5%). The other causes of calf mortality were pneumonia (16.3%), septicemia (7%), and unknown diseases (30.2%). In the K-M hazard analysis, the greatest risk of calf morbidity and mortality was observed during the first month of life and then the risk decreased significantly as the calves grew. Of the 21 potential risk factors studied, the multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression model showed that time calves ingested their first colostrum, calving difficulty, and calving season were the three predictors that were significantly associated with a higher risk of morbidity and mortality. A higher risk of morbidity was observed in calves that had ingested their first colostrum six hours after birth (HR = 1.9; P = 0.003), had calving difficulties (HR = 2.96; P < 0.001) and were born in the rainy season (HR = 1.64; P = 0.017) compared to calves that had consumed colostrum immediately after birth, had no difficulties at birth and were born in the dry season. The same three factors have been identified to influence calf mortality. The mortality risk was 2.73 (P = 0.002), 4.62 (P < 0.001) and 2.74 (P = 0.002) times higher in calves that had difficulty calving, ingested their first colostrum meal six hours after birth and were born in the rainy season, respectively. In general, the calf morbidity and mortality rates identified in this study were beyond economically justifiable limits and calls for educating farmers to raise awareness of some easy-to-fix issues such as colostrum feeding.

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Pre-Weaning Morbidity and Mortality of Crossbred Calves in Bahir Dar Zuria and Gozamen Districts of Amhara Region, Northwest Ethiopia

Cited by 23 publications

References 7 publications

Incidence of Calf Morbidity and Mortality at CIG Dairy Farms of Muktagacha Upazila in Mymensingh District

Incidence of Calf Morbidity and Mortality at CIG Dairy Farms of Muktagacha Upazila in Mymensingh District

Study on gastro intestinal parasite of cattle at Horoguduru Animal Production and Research Center of Wollega University, Oromia, Ethiopia

Incidence of morbidity and mortality in calves from birth to six months of age and associated risk factors on dairy farms in Hawassa city, southern Ethiopia

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