Pre-weaned dairy calf management practices, morbidity and mortality of bovine respiratory disease and diarrhea in China

Zhao, Wanying; Choi, Christopher Y.; Li, Guoming; Li, Hao; Shi, Zhengxiang

doi:10.1016/j.livsci.2021.104608

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Relevant diseases are still important in the Brazilian dairy cattle and antibiotics help farmers offer industries and consumers a safe and quality food, limiting transmission of foodborne pathogens (Rabello et al 2020). Bacterial diarrhoea can cause high mortality in herds, reducing animal production and generating economic losses to the farmer (Zhao et al 2021). Antibiotic therapy is recommended in such cases because these pathogens spread rapidly in the small intestine of calves, causing clinical complications and widespread environmental contamination (Constable 2009;Klaus et al 2021).…”

Section: Antibiotics Used In Brazilian Dairy Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bacterial diarrhoea can cause high mortality in herds, reducing animal production and generating economic losses to the farmer (Zhao et al . 2021). Antibiotic therapy is recommended in such cases because these pathogens spread rapidly in the small intestine of calves, causing clinical complications and widespread environmental contamination (Constable 2009; Klaus et al .…”

Section: Antibiotics Used In Brazilian Dairy Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Insights into antibiotic use in Brazilian dairy production

Andretta

Call

Nero

2022

Int J of Dairy Tech

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Milk and dairy products are important sources of proteins, fats and vitamins. Although Brazil is the fourth largest milk producer in the world, mastitis, metritis, enteritis and respiratory diseases are still important in this industry. A number of antibiotics are employed for treatment and prophylaxis for these diseases, including cephalosporins, lincosamides, aminoglycosides, penicillins, tetracyclines and macrolides. Vaccination offers an important opportunity to reduce the demand for antibiotics. In this review, we present insights into milk production, antibiotic use in the Brazilian dairy industry, the consequences of these activities and perspectives for the control and surveillance of antibiotic resistance.

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Section: Antibiotics Used In Brazilian Dairy Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Antibiotics Used In Brazilian Dairy Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights into antibiotic use in Brazilian dairy production

Andretta

Call

Nero

2022

Int J of Dairy Tech

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“…A calf's susceptibility to morbidity and mortality may be mitigated or exacerbated by a number of management factors that are applied over three main developmental periods, namely the in utero, neonatal, and pre-weaning phases [10,23]. Poor management of any of these phases can have negative implications on calf health by increasing the incidences of disease, such as diarrhea and bovine respiratory disease [24]. The incidence of disease may be difficult to avoid if the dam or calf have been mismanaged during either of the first two phases.…”

Section: Implications Of Calf Nutritional Management On Welfarementioning

confidence: 99%

An Evaluation of Nutritional and Therapeutic Factors Affecting Pre-Weaned Calf Health and Welfare, and Direct-Fed Microbials as a Potential Alternative for Promoting Performance—A Review

Davies

Esposito

Villot

et al. 2022

Dairy

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The priority for calf rearing has been to maintain good health and welfare in order to promote and sustain future production. However, there have been numerous reports of undesirable levels of morbidity and mortality amongst pre-weaned calves. This may be mitigated or exacerbated by nutritional management practices. Some areas of concern include colostrum feeding, utilization of waste milk, and restrictive milk feeding regimes. Antibiotics may be prescribed at lethal or sub-inhibitory doses to treat or prevent disease. However, extensive antibiotic use may disrupt the gastrointestinal microbiota and aid in expanding the antibiotic resistant gene pool. In an attempt to reduce the use of antibiotics, there is a demand to find alternative performance enhancers. Direct-fed microbials, also known as probiotics, may comply with this role. A DFM consists of live microorganisms that are biologically active and able to confer health benefits onto the host. Lactic acid bacteria have been the most frequently investigated; however, this field of research has expanded to include spore-forming bacteria and live yeast preparations. This review aims to provide a comprehensive evaluation of the nutritional management strategies that may increase a calf’s susceptibility to morbidity and mortality, the efficacy and sustainability of antibiotics as a tool for managing calf health and welfare, and the potential for DFMs as a supportive strategy for promoting calf wellbeing.

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“…During the early life, due to the dramatic nutritional and physiological changes in this period, the underdeveloped digestive tracts of young ruminants could undergo gastrointestinal dysfunction that significantly affects their growth and health. The dysfunction of gastrointestine and immunosuppression in this period leads to 14.17% of morbidity of young ruminants in China [1] and causes about 32% of deaths in the US [2], contributing to significant economic loss in the livestock industry. Thus, promoting the maturation of the digestive tract has become the major strategy to cope with this problem.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-omics reveal mechanisms of high enteral starch diet mediated colonic dysbiosis via microbiome-host interactions in young ruminant

Jin,

Wu,

Liang

et al. 2024

Microbiome

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Background Although rumen development is crucial, hindgut undertakes a significant role in young ruminants’ physiological development. High-starch diet is usually used to accelerate rumen development for young ruminants, but always leading to the enteral starch overload and hindgut dysbiosis. However, the mechanism behind remains unclear. The combination of colonic transcriptome, colonic luminal metabolome, and metagenome together with histological analysis was conducted using a goat model, with the aim to identify the potential molecular mechanisms behind the disrupted hindgut homeostasis by overload starch in young ruminants. Result Compared with low enteral starch diet (LES), high enteral starch diet (HES)-fed goats had significantly higher colonic pathology scores, and serum diamine oxidase activity, and meanwhile significantly decreased colonic mucosal Mucin-2 (MUC2) protein expression and fecal scores, evidencing the HES-triggered colonic systemic inflammation. The bacterial taxa Prevotella sp. P4-67, Prevotella sp. PINT, and Bacteroides sp. CAG:927, together with fungal taxa Fusarium vanettenii, Neocallimastix californiae, Fusarium sp. AF-8, Hypoxylon sp. EC38, and Fusarium pseudograminearum, and the involved microbial immune pathways including the “T cell receptor signaling pathway” were higher in the colon of HES goats. The integrated metagenome and host transcriptome analysis revealed that these taxa were associated with enhanced pathogenic ability, antigen processing and presentation, and stimulated T helper 2 cell (TH2)-mediated cytokine secretion functions in the colon of HES goats. Further luminal metabolomics analysis showed increased relative content of chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) and deoxycholic acid (DCA), and decreased the relative content of hypoxanthine in colonic digesta of HES goats. These altered metabolites contributed to enhancing the expression of TH2-mediated inflammatory-related cytokine secretion including GATA Binding Protein 3 (GATA3), IL-5, and IL-13. Using the linear mixed effect model, the variation of MUC2 biosynthesis explained by the colonic bacteria, bacterial functions, fungi, fungal functions, and metabolites were 21.92, 20.76, 19.43, 12.08, and 44.22%, respectively. The variation of pathology scores explained by the colonic bacterial functions, fungal functions, and metabolites were 15.35, 17.61, and 57.06%. Conclusions Our findings revealed that enteral starch overload can trigger interrupted hindgut host-microbiome homeostasis that led to impaired mucosal, destroyed colonic water absorption, and TH2-mediated inflammatory process. Except for the colonic metabolites mostly contribute to the impaired mucosa, the nonnegligible contribution from fungi deserves more future studies focused on the fungal functions in hindgut dysbiosis of young ruminants.

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Pre-weaned dairy calf management practices, morbidity and mortality of bovine respiratory disease and diarrhea in China

Cited by 10 publications

References 37 publications

Insights into antibiotic use in Brazilian dairy production

Insights into antibiotic use in Brazilian dairy production

An Evaluation of Nutritional and Therapeutic Factors Affecting Pre-Weaned Calf Health and Welfare, and Direct-Fed Microbials as a Potential Alternative for Promoting Performance—A Review

Multi-omics reveal mechanisms of high enteral starch diet mediated colonic dysbiosis via microbiome-host interactions in young ruminant

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