Pre‐treatment with D942, a furancarboxylic acid derivative, increases desiccation tolerance in an anhydrobiotic tardigrade <i>Hypsibius exemplaris</i>

Kondo, Koyuki; Mori, Masaru; Tomita, Masaru; Arakawa, Kazuharu

doi:10.1002/2211-5463.12926

Cited by 21 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 26 publications

(44 reference statements)

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“…A similar strategy could therefore be applicable to inducible anhydrobiotic tardigrades, such as H. exemplaris . Kondo et al identified D942, an indirect activator of AMPK in mammals but not in tardigrades, as a candidate drug to regulate the expression of anhydrobiosis-related genes 59 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

in vivo expression vector derived from anhydrobiotic tardigrade genome enables live imaging in Eutardigrada

Tanaka

Aoki

Arakawa

2022

Preprint

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Water is essential for life, but anhydrobiotic tardigrades can survive almost complete dehydration. Anhydrobiosis has been a biological enigma for more than a century with respect to how organisms sustain life without water, but the few choices of genetic toolkits available in tardigrade research have been a challenging circumstance. Here, we report the development of an in vivo expression system for tardigrades (the TardiVec system). TardiVec is based on a plasmid vector with promoters that originated from an anhydrobiotic tardigrade Ramazzottius varieornatus. It enables the introduction of GFP-fused proteins and genetically encoded indicators such as the Ca2+ indicator GCaMP into tardigrade cells; consequently, the dynamics of proteins and cells in tardigrades may be observed by fluorescence live imaging. This system is applicable for several tardigrades in the class Eutardigrada: the promoters of anhydrobiosis-related genes showed tissue-specific expression in this work. Surprisingly, promoters functioned similarly between multiple species, even for species with different modes of expression of anhydrobiosis-related genes, such as Hypsibius exemplaris, in which these genes are highly induced upon facing desiccation, and Thulinius ruffoi, which lacks anhydrobiotic capability. These results suggest that the highly dynamic expression changes in desiccation-induced species are regulated in trans. Tissue-specific expression of tardigrade-unique unstructured proteins also suggests differing anhydrobiosis machinery depending on the cell types. We believe that TardiVec opens up various experimental possibilities in tardigrade research, especially to explore anhydrobiosis mechanisms.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

in vivo expression vector derived from anhydrobiotic tardigrade genome enables live imaging in Eutardigrada

Tanaka

Aoki

Arakawa

2022

Preprint

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“…Most published studies to date that have reported on the anhydrobiotic abilities of tardigrade species have focused on their ability to enter anhydrobiosis for a short time (from a few hours to 1-3 days). These studies primarily focused on testing survival of tardigrades in environmental extremes (e.g., radiation, changes in humidity, or high temperatures) or repeated anhydrobiosis at different life stages, and included research on DNA repair mechanisms and stress proteins synthesis also due to genomic analyses [21, 25, 32, 34, 36, 40, 41, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 51, 52, 54, 57, 61, 65, 66, 74]. The conclusion from these studies is that different tardigrade species have a high degree of survival after short periods of anhydrobiosis, oscillating around 80–90%.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To date, experiments on anhydrobiosis under controlled conditions have been conducted for several species, including Acutuncus antarcticus (Richters, [33]) [34], Bertolanius volubilis (Durante Pasa & Maucci, [35]) [36], Echiniscus testudo (Doyère, [37]) [38], Hypsibius exemplaris Gasiorek, Stec, Morek & Michalczyk, [39] (formerly Hys. dujardini (Doyère, [37]) [32, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48]), Milnesium inceptum Morek, Suzuki, Schill, Georgiev, Yankova, Marley & Michalczyk, [49] (formerly Mil. tardigradum Doyère, [37] [25, 38, 47, 50, 51, 52], Paramacrobiotus richtersi (Murray, [53]) [54, 55], Pam.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How long can tardigrades survive in anhydrobiotic state? Searching on tardigrade anhydrobiosis patterns

Kaczmarek

Roszkowska

Gołdyn

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Anhydrobiosis is a desiccation tolerance that denotes the ability to survive almost complete dehydration without sustaining damage. However, knowledge on the survival capacity of anhydrobiosis in various species of tardigrades is still very limited. Our research has compared anhydrobiotic capacities of four tardigrade species: Echiniscus testudo, Paramacrobiotus experimentalis, Pseudohexapodibius degenerans and Macrobiotus pseudohufelandi, which differ in feeding behaviour, habitats occupied, and which belong to different genera. Moreover, in the case of Ech. testudo two populations-from urban and natural habitats-were analysed. Clear differences in the anhydrobiotic capacity were observed among different tardigrade species. These differences appear to be determined by the habitat, but not by the nutritional behaviour of the species sharing the habitat type. Moreover, the results indicated that the longer tun state duration, the more time was necessary for the animals to return to activity.

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“…Methods for transgenesis and CRISPR in tardigrades would be valuable for accelerating discovery of mechanisms used to survive extremes as well as a variety of other discoveries. RNA interference allows some studies of gene function, as discussed above, and chemical inhibitors have also been used to discover genes or pathways of interest from tardigrades (Kondo et al, 2015(Kondo et al, , 2019(Kondo et al, , 2020Wojciechowska et al, 2021). To date, forward genetic screening using mutagenesis has not been reported.…”

Section: Unanswered Questions and Future Prospectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tardigrades and Their Emergence as Model Organisms

Goldstein¹

2022

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Experimentally tractable organisms like C. elegans, Drosophila, zebrafish, and mouse are popular models for addressing diverse questions in biology. In 1997, two of the most valuable invertebrate model organisms to date – C. elegans and Drosophila – were found to be much more closely related to each other than expected. C. elegans and Drosophila belong to the nematodes and arthropods respectively, and these two phyla and six other phyla make up a clade of molting animals referred to as the Ecdysozoa. The other ecdysozoan phyla could be valuable models for comparative biology, taking advantage of the rich and continual sources of research findings as well as tools from both C. elegans and Drosophila. But when the Ecdysozoa was first recognized, few tools were available for laboratory studies in any of these six other ecdysozoan phyla. In 1999 I began an effort to develop tools for studying one such phylum, the tardigrades. Here, I describe how the tardigrade species Hypsibius exemplaris and tardigrades more generally have emerged over the past two decades as valuable new models for answering diverse questions. To date, these questions have included how animal body plans evolve and how biological materials can survive some remarkably extreme conditions.

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Pre‐treatment with D942, a furancarboxylic acid derivative, increases desiccation tolerance in an anhydrobiotic tardigrade Hypsibius exemplaris

Cited by 21 publications

References 26 publications

in vivo expression vector derived from anhydrobiotic tardigrade genome enables live imaging in Eutardigrada

in vivo expression vector derived from anhydrobiotic tardigrade genome enables live imaging in Eutardigrada

How long can tardigrades survive in anhydrobiotic state? Searching on tardigrade anhydrobiosis patterns

Tardigrades and Their Emergence as Model Organisms

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