“…scolymus) (Gominho, Curt, Lourenço, Fernández, & Pereira, 2018;Zayed, Serag, & Farag, 2020). It is spread all over the world, except for the Antarctic continent, as a result of its ability to adapt to severe environmental conditions and abiotic stress factors, such as water stress, high salinity levels, temperature extremities, and low fertilized, stony and with variable pH soils (Conceição et al, 2016;Vergara, Ladero, García-Ochoa, & Villar, 2018).…”