Pre-travel Health Advice for Patients With Cardiovascular Disease

Abstract

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death among international travellers. Practitioner knowledge of the effects of CVD on international travel is imperative in order to promote a healthy travel experience. This review aimed to explore the available literature on this topic. The PubMed database was accessed to source relevant literature using combinations of relevant keywords as search terms. Articles were restricted to those published in the English language through March 2019. Of 1726 article records retrieved, 73 relevant papers were examined carefully. The results of this narrative review are related to multiple aspects of CVD and travel. The pre-travel consultation should address issues regarding vaccinations, travel insurance, anticoagulation, and medical devices. Additional vaccines to be discussed include influenza, pneumococcal, and hepatitis B. Patients with CVD should be advised of the need to carry a copy of their ECG, prescription(s), and pacemaker manufacturer’s card. Knowledge of the location overseas of automated external defibrillators and awareness of health risks associated with strenuous adventure activities are important for CVD travellers. Medical tourism for patients with CVD is briefly considered. Space tourism is an emerging category of extreme international travel that requires specialized pre-travel preparation. This narrative review article highlights the gaps in the travel medicine literature in relation to CVD. A strong evidence base for most recommendations is lacking. Future scholarly efforts are warranted to facilitate more robust travel recommendations for CVD patients. No qualitative studies to date have described the experiences of international travellers with CVD.

COVID-19 in adult patients with pre-existing chronic cardiac, respiratory and metabolic disease: a critical literature review with clinical recommendations

“…Already, clearer guidance is emerging about the use of barrier face masks to protect medically vulnerable individuals in shops or on public transport, where physical distancing cannot be assured. Pre-travel health advice for patients with pre-existing cardiovascular disease [ 105 ] and diabetes will need to be updated to reflect new guidelines. A more tailored approach to performing pre-travel health risk assessments will be warranted [ 106 ].…”

“…Pre-travel health advice for patients with pre-existing cardiovascular disease [105] and diabetes will need to be updated to reflect new guidelines. A more tailored approach to performing pre-travel health risk assessments will be warranted [106].…”