“…Based on the importance of mathematics teachers' knowledge, and the significance of training them to be effective teachers in mathematics learning environments, research studies were conducted on conceptual understanding and pedagogical knowledge of mathematics teachers, as separate variables, around the world and in Jordan (Al-Barakat et al, 2022a;Al-Hassan et al, 2012;Al-Tarawneh, 2019;Bwalya & Rutegwa, 2023;Fraihat et al, 2022;Khasawneh et al, 2023;Mapulanga et al, 2022;Meier, 2021;Shaqar, 2020).…”