“…Although the phrase "implicit theory of intelligence" was generally used in studies over the past decades, recently, mindset has been used by an increasing number of scholars (Gutshall, 2013(Gutshall, , 2014; O'Rourke, Haimovitz, Ballwebber, Dweck, & Popovic, 2014;Esparza, Shumow, & Schmidt, 2014). In current academic research, the meaning of "implicit theory of intelligence/ability" and "mindset" appears to be quite similar.…”