Pre-season football preparation in the era of COVID-19: Croatian Football Association Model

Primorac, Dragan; Matišić, Vid; Molnar, Vilim; Bahtijarević, Zoran; Polašek, Ozren

doi:10.7189/jogh.10.010352

Cited by 15 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…In late December 2019, a cluster of atypical pneumonia cases in the Chinese Hubei Province of Wuhan resulted in the identification of a novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which quickly disseminated to the rest of the world [ 1 , 2 ]. With over 3.3 million confirmed cases worldwide and over 230,000 confirmed deaths, the COVID-19 pandemic is, without a doubt, the single most important event of the 21st century thus far [ 3 ]. The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has affected all areas of life, and sports is no exception [ 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Playing Non-Professional Football in COVID-19 Time: A Narrative Review of Recommendations, Considerations, and Best Practices

Rico-González

Pino-Ortega

Ardigò

2021

IJERPH

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The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic in 2020 resulted in widespread interruption of team sports training and competitions. Our aim was to review the recommendations and best practices in return to play in non-professional football after activity lockdown. The authors searched two electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science) to extract studies published before September 15 2020. Twenty studies explained recommendations, considerations, or best practices in return to play in football, and all of them were clustered into three groups: (1) training load management (n = 10), (2) medical recommendations (n = 9), and (3) recovery related issues (n = 5). The way to establish a progression in training process should be based on training load management and managing the number of stimuli per time. Following the studies, this training process should be divided into three phases: phase 1—physical distancing should be maintained; phases 2 and 3—group training should start. Medical considerations were clustered into different groups: general, pre- and post- training, during training, education, planning to return to competition, and suggestions for post confinement weeks. In particular, social issues, strict hygiene questions, and continuous PCR testing should be considered in return to play over football season. Finally, since a correlation has been found between high-intensive training loads and immunoglobulin A, nutritional and lifestyle recovery strategies should be performed. Moreover, since immunosuppression has been related to congested schedules (<72 h between matches), football federations should avoid this situation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With over 3.3 million confirmed cases worldwide and over 230,000 confirmed deaths, the COVID-19 pandemic is, without a doubt, the single most important event of the 21st century thus far [ 3 ]. The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has affected all areas of life, and sports is no exception [ 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Playing Non-Professional Football in COVID-19 Time: A Narrative Review of Recommendations, Considerations, and Best Practices

Rico-González

Pino-Ortega

Ardigò

2021

IJERPH

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“…Four phases have been suggested, beginning with small group training, then entire team training, followed by national league competition, and finally international competitions. Each player must be tested negative in two successive RT-PCR (reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction) SARS-CoV-2 pharyngeal swabs over a five-day interval, followed by continuous tests and monitoring [17][18][19]. Functional movement, maximal oxygen consumption (VO 2 max), and lactic threshold heart rate (LTHR) should be evaluated to help stratify the risk of injury and fatigue and indicate the level of current performance based on biomechanical, aerobic, and anaerobic capacity [20][21][22].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sports activities during any pandemic lockdown

Lim

Pranata

2020

Ir J Med Sci

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The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic forced the world's population to alter daily routines, including exercise habits. This unusual situation has physical, psychological, and behavioral consequences to all individuals, including elite and recreational athletes. Life in lockdown has been difficult because everyone has to stay safe and healthy, while at the same time abiding by new norms. Currently, mitigation strategies have been widely implemented to contain the spread of COVID-19. These measures include lockdown, social distancing, personal protective measures, and environmental and surface cleaning [1]. Furthermore, the practice of physically active lifestyles is recommended to counteract health and mental consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic [2]. While sedentary behavior certainly has no effect on the immunity, exercising in moderation is associated with improved immune competency and a reduced risk of illness. Overtraining and high-intensity exercise induce transient immune dysfunction and are associated with a greater risk of illness, including upper respiratory tract infections, but this may not apply to elite sportsmen [3, 4]. Post-exercise immune depression, especially after a strenuous training, may be explained by an impaired cell-mediated immunity [5]. Various modalities, such as soccer, football, and triathlons, are considered high-intensity sports. Consequently, these activities lead to an open window of susceptibility to infection [6]. The introduction of the new routines in the context of COVID-19 will allow certain outdoor exercises, which facilitate SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) transmission due to increased ventilation rates during exercise and possible mass gathering at sporting venues, stadiums, jogging tracks, parks, or any recreational areas. Currently, there are

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“…At the time of writing this paper, few sporting leagues worldwide have resumed or about to resume, with various countries drawing up protocols regarding return to sport as per the guidelines set by the WHO [10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. Various sports federations have followed suit in releasing their own protocols.…”

Section: Pre-participation Examination In Athletes Recovering From Comentioning

confidence: 99%

Sports Medicine Practice during COVID-19 Pandemic - A "New Normal"

Singh¹,

Anirban²,

Jahnavi³

2020

Int J Sports Exerc Med

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Pre-season football preparation in the era of COVID-19: Croatian Football Association Model

Cited by 15 publications

References 9 publications

Playing Non-Professional Football in COVID-19 Time: A Narrative Review of Recommendations, Considerations, and Best Practices

Playing Non-Professional Football in COVID-19 Time: A Narrative Review of Recommendations, Considerations, and Best Practices

Sports activities during any pandemic lockdown

Sports Medicine Practice during COVID-19 Pandemic - A "New Normal"

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