Pre‐screening of miniature swine may reduce the risk of transmitting human tropic recombinant porcine endogenous retroviruses

Hector, Ralph D.; Meikle, Sharon; Grant, Louise; Wilkinson, Robert A.; Fishman, Jay A.; Scobie, Linda

doi:10.1111/j.1399-3089.2007.00394.x

Cited by 29 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 14 publications

(29 reference statements)

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“…Pigs that consistently did not transmit human‐tropic replication‐competent PERV were detected by other research groups (Oldmixon et al., 2002), but it was not clarified whether this condition was inherited in a Mendelian manner or whether other factors affected the production of human‐tropic replication‐competent PERV. However, Hector et al. (2007) suggested that a specific PERV‐C locus or loci that control the ability to transmit human‐tropic PERV may exist.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Porcine Endogenous Retrovirus Copy Number in Different Pig Breeds is not Related to Genetic Diversity

Quereda

Herrero-Medrano

Abellaneda

et al. 2012

Zoonoses and Public Health

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The risk of zoonoses is a major obstacle to xenotransplantation. Porcine endogenous retrovirus (PERV) poses a potential risk of zoonotic infection, and its control is a prerequisite for the development of clinical xenotransplantation. The copy number of PERV varies among different breeds, and it has been suggested that the PERV integrations number is increased by inbreeding. The purpose of this study was (i) to examine the copy number of PERV in different Spanish pig breeds, Spanish wild boar and commercial cross-bred pigs from five different farms and genetic background (CCP1-CCP5) and (ii) to investigate the correlation between PERV copy number and the genetic background of the pigs in order to improve the selection of pigs for xenotransplantation. PERV copy number was determined by quantitative, real-time polymerase chain reactions. Thirty-four microsatellite markers were genotyped to describe the genetic diversity within populations (observed and expected heterozygosities, Ho and He, respectively) and the inbreeding coefficient (F). Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to determine the relationship between PERV copy number and Ho, He and F. The copy number of PERV among different pig breeds was estimated to range between three (CCP1) and 43 copies (Iberian Pig). Statistical differences were found among the studied populations concerning PERV copy number. No correlation was found between the PERV copy number and the heterozygosity (calculated at an individual level or at a population level) or the inbreeding coefficient of each population. Our data suggest that pigs inbreeding does not increase PERV copy number and support the idea that careful selection of pigs for organ donation with reduced PERV copy number will minimize the risk of retrovirus transmission to the human receptor.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Porcine Endogenous Retrovirus Copy Number in Different Pig Breeds is not Related to Genetic Diversity

Quereda

Herrero-Medrano

Abellaneda

et al. 2012

Zoonoses and Public Health

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“…Although it is extremely difficult, if not impossible, to eliminate all PERV from the genomes of pigs, it is possible to select source animals with phenotypes consistent with reduced capacity for PERV transmission to human cells. Current terminology includes a "non-transmitter" animal which transmits PERV to pig, but not human cells; a "null" animal does not transmit PERV to either human or pig cells in vitro31, 35,43. It has been observed that the non-transmitter or "null" phenotype is not stable and that transmission can be demonstrated at subsequent testing 35.…”

Section: Assays Related To Porcine Endogenous Retrovirus (Perv)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To determine the transmission phenotype of pigs, PERV transmission methods were employed based on the co-cultivation of activated PBMC derived from candidate source animals with human or porcine cells31, 35,38,43,45,46. These protocols are considered the 'gold standard' for analyzing the potential for PERV transmission.…”

Section: Assays Related To Porcine Endogenous Retrovirus (Perv)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Q Fever Outbreak Among Travelers to Germany Who Received Live Cell Therapy — United States and Canada, 2014

Robyn¹,

Newman²,

Amato³

et al. 2015

MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep.

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“…Wood et al [61] indicated that the level of activity of PERV-C loci may influence the production of human-tropic, replication-competent recombinant PERV-A/C. In addition, Hector et al [130] suggested that a lack of PERV-C active loci could reduce the risk of release of PERV-A/C recombinants.…”

Section: The Four Strategies To Prevent Transmission Of Pervsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Porcine Endogenous Retroviruses in Xenotransplantation—Molecular Aspects

Kimsa

Strzałka‐Mrozik

Kimsa

et al. 2014

Viruses

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In the context of the shortage of organs and other tissues for use in human transplantation, xenotransplantation procedures with material taken from pigs have come under increased consideration. However, there are unclear consequences of the potential transmission of porcine pathogens to humans. Of particular concern are porcine endogenous retroviruses (PERVs). Three subtypes of PERV have been identified, of which PERV-A and PERV-B have the ability to infect human cells in vitro. The PERV-C subtype does not show this ability but recombinant PERV-A/C forms have demonstrated infectivity in human cells. In view of the risk presented by these observations, the International Xenotransplantation Association recently indicated the existence of four strategies to prevent transmission of PERVs. This article focuses on the molecular aspects of PERV infection in xenotransplantation and reviews the techniques available for the detection of PERV DNA, RNA, reverse transcriptase activity and proteins, and anti-PERV antibodies to enable carrying out these recommendations. These methods could be used to evaluate the risk of PERV transmission in human recipients, enhance the effectiveness and reliability of monitoring procedures, and stimulate discussion on the development of improved, more sensitive methods for the detection of PERVs in the future.

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Pre‐screening of miniature swine may reduce the risk of transmitting human tropic recombinant porcine endogenous retroviruses

Abstract: These data suggest that further analysis of these loci may provide a genetic basis for identifying pigs that are less likely to transmit human tropic PERV and would, therefore, be more suitable as source animals for human xenotransplantation.

Cited by 29 publications

References 14 publications

Porcine Endogenous Retrovirus Copy Number in Different Pig Breeds is not Related to Genetic Diversity

Porcine Endogenous Retrovirus Copy Number in Different Pig Breeds is not Related to Genetic Diversity

Q Fever Outbreak Among Travelers to Germany Who Received Live Cell Therapy — United States and Canada, 2014

Porcine Endogenous Retroviruses in Xenotransplantation—Molecular Aspects

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