Pre-process method for reducing initial bit mismatch rate in secret key generation based on wireless channel characteristics

Wang, Qiuhua; Wang, Xiaojun; Lv, Qin; You, Lin; Yu, Wangke

doi:10.1109/icct.2015.7399967

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Its primary aim is to make the two users agree upon the same key. IR methods consist of protocol based approaches [31][32][33][34][35] and code based approaches [36][37][38][39][40][41]. A protocol based approach is a two-way scheme in which communication takes place between Alice and Bob for error correction of key bits, until they agree upon a common key.…”

Section: Information Reconciliationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Novel Hybrid Protocol and Code Related Information Reconciliation Scheme for Physical Layer Secret Key Generation

Sujata Kadam

2023

IJRITCC

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Wireless networks are vulnerable to various attacks due to their open nature, making them susceptible to eavesdropping and other security threats. Eavesdropping attack takes place at the physical layer. Traditional wireless network security relies on cryptographic techniques to secure data transmissions. However, these techniques may not be suitable for all scenarios, especially in resource-constrained environments such as wireless sensor networks and adhoc networks. In these networks having limited power resources, generating cryptographic keys between mobile entities can be challenging. Also, the cryptographic keys are computationally complex and require key management infrastructure. Physical Layer Key Generation (PLKG) is an emerging solution to address these challenges. It establishes secure communication between two users by taking advantage of the wireless channel's inherent features. PLKG process involves channel probing, quantization, information reconciliation (IR) and privacy amplification to generate symmetric secret key. The researchers have used various PLKG techniques to get the secret key, sTop of Form till they face problems in the IR scheme to obtain symmetric keys between the users who share the same channel for communication. Both the code based and protocol based methods proposed in the literature have advantages and limitations related to their performance parameters such as information leakage, interaction delay and computation complexity. This research work proposes a novel IR mechanism that combines the protocol and code-based error correction methods to obtain reduced Bit Mismatch Rate (BMR), reduced information leakage, reduced interaction delay, and reduced computational time to enhance physical layer secret key's quality. In the proposed research work, the channel samples are generated using the Received Signal Strength (RSS) and Channel Impulse Response (CIR) parameters. These samples are quantized using Vector Quantization with Affinity Propagation Clustering (VQAPC) method to generate the preliminary key. The samples collected by the two users who wish to communicate, (for example Alice and Bob) will be different due to noise in the channel and hardware limitations. Hence their preliminary keys will be different. Removing this discrepancy between Bob's and Alice's initial keys, using novel Hybrid Protocol and Code related Information Reconciliation (HPC-IR) scheme to generate error corrected key, is the most important contribution of this research work. This key is further encoded by the MD5 hash function to generate a final secret key for exchanging information between two users over the wireless channel. It is observed that the proposed HPC-IR scheme achieves BMR of 19.4%, information leakage is 0.002, interaction delay is 0.001 seconds and computation time is 0.02 seconds.

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Section: Information Reconciliationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this, BMR decreases to 0.39 and the information rate increases to 0.42 with respect to winnow protocol with BMR of 0.5 and information rate of 0.42. In [34] pre-processing method is used which is valid when the BMR is greater than 0.1. The data rate is improved more than 37 times when the original BMR = 0.3.…”

Section: Information Reconciliationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Hybrid Protocol and Code Related Information Reconciliation Scheme for Physical Layer Secret Key Generation

Sujata Kadam

2023

IJRITCC

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“…Generating a random number random1. When random1> pulse rate, then a random walk method is utilized to locally search about the bat for generating a new solution, as explained in the next equation: ... (4) Where denotes a random solution selected from the current optimal solutions, is a random vector which is selected from [1, -1], and A t denotes the loudness.…”

Section: Bat-inspired Algorithmmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The entropy of PRNGs output sequences is coming from the seeds, whilst the TRNGs entropy is coming from the physical signals 3 . This means the PRNGs are only capable of decreasing the entropy or remaining identical 4 . If the seeds of PRNGs are controlled or known via an attacker, then it is possible to predict the PRNGs output sequences, and this case represents the low entropy secret leakage 5 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retina Image and Bat-Inspird Algorithm for Artificial Key Generation

2020

MLU

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The process of key generation is utilized in different applications based on encryption techniques. The characteristics of the generated key should satisfy the required security as potential. The traditional techniques used for generating keys are based on various equations based on chaos maps or modulation for making these keys as one-time pads. Also, there are many techniques that utilized the block cipher or hash function for generating keys. In this paper, a retina image and bat-inspired algorithm are used for generating secure keys. Several processes have been applied to the input retina images like enhancement and edge detection processes. In the proposed technique, some parameters are adjusted for controlling the results and every output represents a bat solution and depending on the fitness function, the keys are generated. These generated keys are tested and evaluated using NIST tests. As a case study, some images are encrypted using the generated keys and the obtained encrypted images passed all the required security tests.

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