Pre‐pregnancy body mass index, weight change during pregnancy, and risk of intellectual disability in children

Mann, J. R.; McDermott, SW; Hardin, James W.; Pan, Chun; Zhang, Z

doi:10.1111/1471-0528.12052

Cited by 38 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Associations have been reported between prepregnancy obesity and intellectual disability, 12,16 lower cognitive performance, 10,13,14,17,21 ADHD, 11,19,20,32 and autism 15 in children. One null study was also reported; however, it was limited by assessing all overweight and obese women as a single group.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…8,9 Recent epidemiologic studies suggest associations between prepregnancy obesity and various neurodevelopmental outcomes. [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21] However, these studies were limited by small sample sizes, insufficient information on confounders and mediators, and imprecise neurodevelopment measures. Additionally, 1 study reported no association.…”

Section: What This Study Addsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Maternal Prepregnancy Body Mass Index and Child Psychosocial Development at 6 Years of Age

et al. 2015

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BACKGROUND: Both obesity and developmental disabilities have increased in recent decades. Limited studies suggest associations between maternal prepregnancy obesity and child neurodevelopment. METHODS:The Infant Feeding Practices Study II, a US nationally distributed longitudinal study of maternal health and infant health and feeding practices, was conducted from 2005 to 2007. In 2012, mothers were recontacted for information on their children's health and development. We examined associations between maternal prepregnancy BMI and child psychosocial development in 1311 mother-child pairs included in this follow-up study. Children's development was assessed by maternal report of child psychosocial difficulties from the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, past developmental diagnoses, and receipt of special needs services.RESULTS: Adjusting for sociodemographic factors, children of obese class II/III mothers (BMI .35.0) had increased odds of emotional symptoms (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.24; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.27-3.98), peer problems (aOR 2.07; 95% CI, 1.26-3.40), total psychosocial difficulties (aOR 2.17; 95% CI, 1.24-3.77), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder diagnosis (aOR 4.55; 95% CI, 1.80-11.46), autism or developmental delay diagnosis (aOR 3.13; 95% CI, 1.10-8.94), receipt of speech language therapy (aOR 1.93; 95% CI, 1.18-3.15), receipt of psychological services (aOR 2.27; 95% CI, 1.09-4.73), and receipt of any special needs service (aOR 1.99; 95% CI, 1.33-2.97) compared with children of normal weight mothers ). Adjustment for potential causal pathway factors including pregnancy weight gain, gestational diabetes, breastfeeding duration, postpartum depression, and child's birth weight did not substantially affect most estimates.CONCLUSIONS: Children whose mothers were severely obese before pregnancy had increased risk for adverse developmental outcomes.WHAT'S KNOWN ON THIS SUBJECT: Both obesity and developmental disabilities have increased in recent decades; however, the full long-term effects of prepregnancy obesity on a child' s psychosocial development remain unknown. Limited studies suggest associations between maternal prepregnancy obesity and child psychosocial development. WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS:This study in 6-year-old children provides evidence that severe prepregnancy obesity is associated with adverse child psychosocial outcomes, including attentiondeficit/hyperactivity disorder. These findings were not explained by many pregnancy and postpartum factors related to maternal obesity or child development.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: What This Study Addsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal Prepregnancy Body Mass Index and Child Psychosocial Development at 6 Years of Age

et al. 2015

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“…Several studies showed that maternal pre-pregnancy obesity is associated with a lower cognitive function in children, but results are not consistent [49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57] . Total weight gain during pregnancy seems not be associated with childhood cognitive function [54,56,60] . However, a study among 5,191 mother-offspring pairs of term deliveries from the UK showed small positive associations of maternal weight gain in each trimester of pregnancy with IQ scores at 8 years of age, without remarkable differences in strength of the effect estimates for different periods of maternal weight gain [61] .…”

Section: Childhood Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 95%

Childhood Health Consequences of Maternal Obesity during Pregnancy: A Narrative Review

Gaillard

Santos²,

Duijts

et al. 2016

Ann Nutr Metab

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Background: Obesity is a major public health problem among women of reproductive age. In a narrative review, we examined the influence of maternal obesity during pregnancy on fetal outcomes and childhood adiposity, cardio-metabolic, respiratory and cognitive-related health outcomes. We discuss results from recent studies, the causality and potential underlying mechanisms of observed associations and challenges for future epidemiological studies. Summary: Evidence from observational studies strongly suggests that maternal pre-pregnancy obesity and excessive gestational weight gain are associated with increased risks of fetal pregnancy complications and adverse childhood cardio-metabolic, respiratory and cognitive-related health outcomes. It remains unclear whether these associations are due to intrauterine mechanisms or explained by confounding family-based sociodemographic, lifestyle and genetic factors. The underlying mechanisms have mainly been assessed in animal studies and small human studies, and are yet to be further explored in large human studies. Key Message: Maternal obesity is an important modifiable factor during pregnancy that is associated with a variety of adverse offspring health outcomes. Further studies are needed to explore the causality and underlying mechanisms of the observed associations. Ultimately, preventive strategies focused on reducing maternal obesity and excessive weight gain during pregnancy may reduce common diseases in future generations.

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“…Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2009)(2010) state that 33% of American adults are overweight (body mass index: 25.0-29.9), 35.7% have mild or severe obesity (body mass index: 30.0-34.9 and body mass index: 35.0-39.9 respectively), and another 6.3% have morbid obesity (body mass index 40). The same data revealed that the proportion of childbearing-age (20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36)(37)(38)(39) women that fall into 1 of the 3 obesity classes is 31.9%. 1 Although some weight gain during pregnancy is recommended, a recent study showed that the proportion of women who gain above the recommended amount for their body mass index category is 40%-60%.…”

mentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Fetal macrosomia is the major cause of cesarean deliveries and birth injuries such as shoulder dystocia. 22 In a previous study, 23 we examined maternal prepregnancy body mass index and weight change during pregnancy as potential risk factors for offspring intellectual disability. We found a significant association between prepregnancy body mass index and intellectual disability in children.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Is Prepregnancy Obesity Associated With Risk of Cerebral Palsy and Epilepsy in Children?

et al. 2013

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We conducted a retrospective cohort study to investigate the association between prepregnancy obesity in women and risk of cerebral palsy and epilepsy in their children using data from the South Carolina Medicaid program. The cohort included 83,901 maternal-child pairs; 100 cases of cerebral palsy were initially identified, followed by 53 cases that had at least 2 cerebral palsy diagnoses. For confirmed epilepsy, diagnosed on at least 5 occasions or by more than 1 provider, 83,472 observations were included with 338 cases. There was no association between maternal body mass index and risk of childhood epilepsy. A significant association between increasing maternal body mass index and any diagnosis of cerebral palsy was found, and morbid obesity was associated with increased risk of any and confirmed cerebral palsy. In conclusion, there appears to be an association of maternal body mass index with cerebral palsy, but there is no evidence to support an association with epilepsy.

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Pre‐pregnancy body mass index, weight change during pregnancy, and risk of intellectual disability in children

Cited by 38 publications

References 57 publications

Maternal Prepregnancy Body Mass Index and Child Psychosocial Development at 6 Years of Age

Maternal Prepregnancy Body Mass Index and Child Psychosocial Development at 6 Years of Age

Childhood Health Consequences of Maternal Obesity during Pregnancy: A Narrative Review

Is Prepregnancy Obesity Associated With Risk of Cerebral Palsy and Epilepsy in Children?

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